Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics within 24 hours of hospital arrivala
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 1480) | Hospital outcome |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Discharged alive (n = 1218) | Died (n = 262) | ||
| Age, y | 62.0 (49.4–72.9) | 59.3 (46.9–70.2) | 72.3 (62.8–81.2) |
|
| |||
| Female sex | 649 (43.9) | 560 (46.0) | 89 (34.0) |
|
| |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 272 (18.4) | 247 (20.3) | 25 (9.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 460 (31.1) | 367 (30.1) | 93 (35.5) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 539 (36.4) | 433 (35.6) | 106 (40.5) |
| Other/unknown | 209 (14.1) | 171 (14.0) | 38 (14.5) |
|
| |||
| Body mass indexb (n = 1382) | 30.2 (26.0–35.6) | 30.4 (26.2–35.9) | 29.2 (25.0–34.9) |
|
| |||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 5 (3–7) |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 351 (23.7) | 279 (22.9) | 72 (275) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 238 (16.1) | 162 (13.3) | 76 (29.0) |
| Chronic renal failure | 154 (10.4) | 111 (9.1) | 43 (16.4) |
| Hypertension | 845 (571) | 653 (53.6) | 192 (73.3) |
| Diabetes | 473 (32.0) | 337 (277) | 136 (51.9) |
|
| |||
| Admitted from care facility | 120/1475 (8.1) | 70/1214 (5.8) | 50/261 (19.2) |
|
| |||
| Home medications | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 266 (18.0) | 200 (16.4) | 66 (25.2) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 192 (13.0) | 146 (12.0) | 46 (176) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 92 (6.2) | 67 (5.5) | 25 (9.5) |
|
| |||
| Symptoms | |||
| Duration, d (n = 1217) | 6 (3–9) | 7 (4–9) | 4 (2–7) |
| Fever or chills | 1288 (870) | 1082 (88.8) | 206 (78.6) |
| Cough | 1253 (84.7) | 1058 (86.9) | 195 (74.4) |
| Dyspnea | 1181 (79.8) | 984 (80.8) | 197 (75.2) |
| Confusion | 148 (10.0) | 78 (6.4) | 70 (26.7) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 626 (42.3) | 540 (44.3) | 86 (32.8) |
|
| |||
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–4) | 5 (3–9) |
|
| |||
| COVID-19 Ordinal Outcome Scale | 4 (3–4) | 4(3–4) | 4 (4–7) |
|
| |||
| Initial vital signs | |||
| Heart rate, beats per minute (n = 1474) | 94 (82–106) | 94 (82–106) | 92 (80–105) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (n = 1474) | 131 (117–145) | 131 (118–145) | 132 (114–146) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths per minute (n = 1478) | 20 (18–23) | 20 (18–22) | 20 (18–25) |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score <15 | 189/1462 (12.9) | 103/1204 (8.6) | 86/258 (33.3) |
| Pao2 to Fio2 ratio (n = 1452) | 338 (260–431) | 337 (279–431) | 267 (174–360) |
|
| |||
| Bilateral opacities on initial chest imagingc | 980 (66.2) | 786 (64.5) | 194 (74.1) |
|
| |||
| Initial laboratory results | |||
| White blood cell count, ×1000/μL (n = 1468) | 6.1 (4.7–8.1) | 5.9 (4.6–77) | 70 (5.2–10.3) |
| Lymphocyte count, ×1000/μL (n = 1271) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
| Lactate >2 mmol/L | 177/948 (18.7) | 113/753 (15.0) | 64/195 (32.8) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (n = 1459) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (n = 1198) | 39 (27–59) | 38 (275–57) | 40 (27–68) |
| Ferritin, ng/mL (n = 568) | 548 (266–1117) | 522 (238–1026) | 805 (433–1608) |
| d-dimer, μg/mL (n = 438) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 1.5 (0.8–3.9) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen.
a
Values are reported as number (percentage) or median (IQR). Where 1 or more patients had missing data, the number of patients with nonmissing data is shown.
b
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
c
Bilateral airspace opacities noted in radiologisťs interpretation of patienťs first-available chest radiograph and/or computed tomography scan.