Figure 5. CNQX affects regeneration through the SA pathway.

(A) Representative images of callus formation in leaves of wild type (Col-0), coi1–2, and npr1–5 on Mock, CNQX, PAMD, or SA, all under constitutive post-injury treatment. Productive callus appears as clusters of amorphous, pale (yellow) cell masses. Scale bars, 0.5 cm.

(B) Quantification of callus formation shown in (A) (chi-square test; n => 18 for each genotype in each treatment; ^asignificant difference with respect to Col-0 Mock, *p < 10^‒6, **p < 10^‒11; ^bsignificant difference with respect to coi1–2 Mock, *p = 0.003; ^csignificant difference with respect to npr1 Mock, *p < 0.04, **p < 10^–9).

(C) Root-from-leaf regeneration in wild type (Col-0), coi1–2, and npr1–5 treated on Mock, CNQX, SA or PAMD under constitutive post-injury treatments. Representative images show differences in responses based on genotype and treatment. Scale bars, 65 mm.

(D) Quantification of root-from-leaf regeneration shown in (C) (chi-square test, Fisher’s combined probability test; n ≥ 12 for each treatment in each genotype in each of 3 trials; ^asignificant difference with respect to Col-0 Mock, *p < 0.03, **p < 10^‒7; ^bsignificant difference with respect to coi1–2 Mock, *p < 0.02; ^csignificant difference with respect to npr1 Mock, *p < 10^‒20).

(E) Regeneration frequency of Col-0 and npr1–5 mutant on different constitutive post-injury treatments. The error bars are proportional to the standard error of the pooled percentage computed using binomial distribution (chi-square test, Fisher’s combined probability test; n ≥ 18 for each treatment in each genotype in each of 4 trials; ^asignificant difference with respect to Col-0 Mock, *p < 0.05, **p < 10^‒6).

(F) Root regeneration frequency under combined constitutive post-injury treatment of CNQX and SA, showing that SA addition does not fully counteract GLR blockage by CNQX (chi-square test; n = 40; *p < 0.02).