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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2022 Feb 10;57(4):451–465.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.013

Figure 7. Blocking calcium channels improves regeneration in the maize recalcitrant line B73.

Figure 7.

(A) CNQX constitutive post embryo harvest treatment increases the percent of callus formation from embryos in the regeneration competent Hi-II line (chi-square test; n = 48; **p < 0.0001) and the regeneration recalcitrant B73 line (chi-square test; n = 48 for each genotype in each treatment; **p < 0.0001).

(B) Representative images and quantification of callus formation from embryo in the B73 line and quantification. Under CNQX constitutive post embryo harvest treatment, a larger mass of callus was obtained (t test; n = 24 for each treatment; **p <10‒8). Scale bars, 2 mm.

(C) Regeneration of the maize seedling’s first leaf and coleoptile in the recalcitrant B73 line comparing mock and CNQX constitutive post-leaf harvest treated samples with quantitative analysis showing more than 3× higher frequency of callus formation in CNQX-treated cells (chi-square test; n ≥ 34 for each treatment; **p < 0.0001) and improvement in callus size (t-test; n = 24; **p < 0.0001). Scale bars, 1 mm.

(D) Callus formation from B73 leaves with PAMD constitutive post leaf harvest treatment, showing an improvement in callus formation frequency (chi-square test; n ≥ 34 for each treatment; **p < 0.0001) and callus size due to treatment (t test; n = 34 for each treatment; **p < 0.001). Scale bars, 1 mm.