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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2022 Feb 4;34(3):355–377. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.007

Figure 3. Use of opportunistic modes of nutrient acquisition.

Figure 3.

(A) Capture of extracellular proteins by macropinocytosis to recover amino acids. (B) Uptake of insoluble nutrients, such as iron and cholesterol, through receptor-mediated endocytosis. (C) Utilization of dying cells and/or necrotic cell debris for nutrient acquisition. Solid arrows depict movement of metabolites. Dashed arrows depict regulatory effects of signal transduction components. Tfn, transferrin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase.