Table 1.
Potential biomarkers of the hippocampus and jejunum
| No. | Retention time (min) | Metabolites | Human Metabolome Database | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes | Sites | Fold change UCMS vs. control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.3 | L-arginine | HMDB0000517 | C00062 | HIP | 0.65085** |
| 2 | 5.77 | L-valine | HMDB0000883 | C00183 | HIP | 0.8308** |
| 3 | 6 | Benzoic acid | HMDB0001870 | C00180 | HIP | 0.81405** |
| 4 | 6.34 | L-isoleucine | HMDB0000172 | C00407 | HIP | 0.77481** |
| 5 | 6.36 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid | HMDB0000112 | C00334 | HIP | 0.51652** |
| 6 | 6.38 | L-proline | HMDB0000162 | C00148 | HIP | 0.79225** |
| 7 | 6.45 | Glycine | HMDB0000123 | C00037 | HIP | 1.4292** |
| 8 | 7.21 | L-aspartic acid | HMDB0000191 | C00049 | HIP | 0.57805** |
| 9 | 8.05 | Threonic acid | HMDB0000943 | C01620 | HIP | 0.77119** |
| 10 | 8.52 | L-phenylalanine | HMDB0000159 | C00079 | HIP | 0.81452* |
| 11 | 9.09 | D-xylitol | HMDB0002917 | C00379 | HIP | 0.78283* |
| 12 | 9.29 | Glycerol-1-phosphate | NA | NA | HIP | 0.68143** |
| 13 | 9.32 | p-hydroxyphenylglycine | NA | NA | HIP | 0.72979* |
| 14 | 9.42 | O-phosphoethanolamine | HMDB0000224 | C00346 | HIP | 1.4816** |
| 15 | 9.71 | Phosphoserine | HMDB0000272 | C01005 | HIP | 0.65319* |
| 16 | 9.8 | Dehydroascorbic acid | HMDB0001264 | C00425 | HIP | 0.69461** |
| 17 | 11.06 | Conduritol B epoxide | NA | NA | HIP | 0.62354** |
| 18 | 11.09 | 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid | HMDB0002641 | C01772 | HIP | 1.2151* |
| 19 | 11.18 | D-Ribulose 5-phosphate | HMDB0000618 | C00199 | HIP | 0.63592** |
| 20 | 11.45 | Oleic acid | HMDB0000207 | C00712 | HIP | 0.81012* |
| 21 | 12.56 | Uridine | HMDB0000296 | C00299 | HIP | 1.2632* |
| 22 | 13.59 | Beta-gentiobiose | NA | NA | HIP | 0.31345** |
| 23 | 5.03 | Hydroxylamine | HMDB0003338 | C00192 | HIP and jejunum | 0.78643** and 0.73523* |
| 24 | 9.32 | L-glutamine | HMDB0000641 | C00064 | HIP and jejunum | 0.72211* and 0.76973* |
| 25 | 9.54 | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid | HMDB0000807 | C00597 | HIP and Jejunum | 0.73102** and 2.2846** |
| 26 | 9.95 | L-tyrosine | HMDB0000158 | C00082 | HIP and jejunum | 0.62828** and 0.7132* |
| 27 | 5.49 | Methanolphosphate | NA | NA | Jejunum | 0.38284** |
| 28 | 5.86 | 2-amino-2-methyl-1-3-propanediol | NA | NA | Jejunum | 0.76746** |
| 29 | 5.91 | Urea | HMDB0000294 | C00086 | Jejunum | 4.0981** |
| 30 | 6.03 | Dihydroxyacetone | HMDB0001882 | C00184 | Jejunum | 0.28812** |
| 31 | 6.16 | Ethanolamine | HMDB0000149 | C00189 | Jejunum | 0.61592** |
| 32 | 6.46 | L-carnitine | HMDB0000062 | C00318 | Jejunum | 2.6126** |
| 33 | 6.61 | Iminodiacetic acid | HMDB0011753 | C19911 | Jejunum | 0.76514* |
| 34 | 7.09 | Thymine | HMDB0000262 | C00178 | Jejunum | 0.5547** |
| 35 | 7.26 | Beta-alanine | HMDB0000056 | C00099 | Jejunum | 0.59132** |
| 36 | 8.53 | Anabasine | HMDB0004350 | C06180 | Jejunum | 0.56955* |
| 37 | 8.85 | Pectin | HMDB0003402 | C08348 | Jejunum | 0.33909** |
| 38 | 9.15 | 6-Deoxy-D-glucose | NA | NA | Jejunum | 0.7039** |
| 39 | 9.99 | D-tagatose | HMDB0003418 | C00795 | Jejunum | 0.25136** |
| 40 | 10.31 | Ascorbic acid | HMDB0000044 | C00072 | Jejunum | 3.5443** |
| 41 | 10.62 | Gluconic acid | HMDB0000625 | C00257 | Jejunum | 0.24617** |
| 42 | 11.53 | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | HMDB0000763 | C05635 | Jejunum | 1.41* |
| 43 | 12.39 | Glucoheptose | NA | NA | Jejunum | 0.43798** |
| 44 | 13 | MG (16:0/0:0/0:0) | HMDB0011564 | NA | Jejunum | 0.70871** |
| 45 | 13.27 | Adenosine | HMDB0000050 | C00212 | Jejunum | 0.60706** |
| 46 | 13.38 | Sucrose | HMDB0000258 | C00089 | Jejunum | 0.3178** |
| 47 | 13.71 | Glycerol 1-octadecanoate | HMDB0031075 | NA | Jejunum | 0.72799* |
| 48 | 14.55 | 3′-AMP | HMDB0003540 | C01367 | Jejunum | 1.5942* |
Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01. KEGG genome Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes