From warning messages to preparedness behavior: The role of risk perception and information interaction in the Covid-19 pandemic

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 3;73:102871. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102871

Threat perception^a- Reflective

(Slovic et al., 2004; Shapira et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018)

TP1. I think there is a chance that my family and me will be infected by mutation virus

TP2. Infection with this virus will face a life-threatening situation

TP3. Infection with this virus will cause disruption of daily life (work and daily activities)

Preparedness behavior perception^a- Reflective

(Lindell and Perry 2012; Terpstra and Lindell 2013; Li and Liu 2020; Wang et al., 2018; Heath et al., 2018)

Hazard-related preparedness behavior perceptiona^a

HPBP1. Implementing risk reduction measures will reduce the possibility of infection

HPBP2. Implementing risk reduction measures will reduce viral damage

HPBP3. Implementing risk reduction measures will protect my health effectively

Resource-related preparedness behavior perception^a

RPBP1. I am willing to spend money buying anti-epidemic supplies

RPBP2. I am willing to spend time learning prevention knowledge and skills

RPBP3. I am willing to spend energy learning prevention knowledge and skills

Stakeholder perception^a- Reflective

(Kim et al., 2015; Heath et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2020; Cvetković et al., 2021)

Perceived expertise^a

SP1. The government is professional in epidemic control

SP2. Medical institutions are professional in epidemic judgment and treatment

SP3. The media is professional in epidemic information report

Perceived protection responsibility^a

SP4. The government has the responsibility to protect the public

Perceived trustworthiness^a

SP5. I trust the government in epidemic control

SP6. I trust the medical institutions in epidemic judgment and treatment

SP7. I trust the media in epidemic information report

Information interaction^a- Reflective

(Binder et al., 2011; Vyncke et al., 2017; Zhang and Cozma 2022)

INI1. I am willing to share my thoughts and judgments on warning with others

INI2. I am willing to tell others about warning I received

INI3. I am willing to get warning more times with others

INI4. I am willing to explain to others the warning I received

Preparedness behavior intention^a- Reflective

(Kim et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2018; Li and Liu 2020)

PBI1. Wearing mask, clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub

PBI2. Try not to go to public spaces and stay away from crowds

PBI3. Reducing public transportation, travel, large-scale party

PBI4. Buy insurance

Risk warning information^b - Formative

(Wood et al., 2012; Steelman et al., 2015; Brenkert-Smith et al., 2013; Dai et al., 2020)

Information Content^b- Reflective

Thinking about information on epidemic warning, I have received information on:

Con1. Warning level, Spread range, Severity

Con2. Symptom, Route of transmission, Mode of transmission

Con3. Government measures, Coronavirus treatment

Con4. Suggestions on personal epidemic precautions

Information Channel^b- Reflective

Thinking about information on epidemic warning, I have heard information from:

Chan1. TV, Radio

Chan2. WeChat, Weibo, QQ, TIK TOK

Chan3. Short message service, Email

Chan4. Newspaper, Brochures, Banners, Community notices

Information Type^b- Reflective

Thinking about information on epidemic warning, I have received information in:

Typ1. Text (Short message, Blog post)

Typ2. Graph

Typ3. Short videos (Less than 1 min: Tik Tok videos)

Typ4. Long videos (More than 1 min: news broadcast, press briefing)

^aThe items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

^bThe item is measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (frequent).