Fig. 1.

Features of protein synthesis. A Basic schematic of the three major steps in protein synthesis: initiation, elongation, and termination. B A single ribosome recruited to mRNA is referred to as a monosome; when multiple ribosomes are simultaneously recruited to mRNA, the structure is called a polysome. C (Left) The translational repressors eIF4EBP1-3 and PDCD4 can prevent eIF4E and eIF4A, respectively, from binding to the eIF4G scaffold protein. (middle) Schematic of eIF4F recruitment to mRNA. (right) Schematic of the preinitiation complex