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. 2022 Mar 2;8:19. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00280-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, b Incidence and prevalence were first calculated for each observation year by dividing the number of new or total PD cases by the corresponding age- and sex-matched population size in the same year. For presentation purposes, the measures were summarized by age groups. Data points for which the number of new cases/raw prevalence were <2, were excluded. X-axis indicates the age group of the individuals. c–f The impact of sex (c, d) and time (e, f) were assessed individually for each age group, using Poisson regression. The p-values and the estimates for each covariate are shown in tables (for time trend, the estimate represents the natural log of the estimated change in each sequential year). SE, standard error. M/F ratio and Yearly change were derived by taking the exponential of the estimate for each covariate (sex or year). Lines represent the 95% confidence interval.