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. 2022 Feb 17;16:712891. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.712891

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Hu, Sun and Di.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The number of DOC patients’ responses to the olfactory and water stimuli. Fourteen showed behavioral responses to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus, 10 showed behavioral responses to the pyridine, and 2 showed behavioral responses to the water stimulus. (B) The number of responses for MCS and UWS patients to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus. No UWS patients showed a behavioral response to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus, and 14 MCS patients showed an obvious behavioral response to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus (93.3%). (C) The number of responses for MCS and UWS patients to the pyridine. One UWS patient showed behavioral response to the pyridine (12.5%), and nine MCS patients showed an obvious behavioral response to the pyridine (60%). (D) The number of responses to the 1-Octen-3-ol and pyridine stimuli for MCS patients. Fourteen MCS patients showed an obvious behavioral response to the 1-Octen-3-ol stimulus (93.3%). Nine MCS patients showed an obvious behavioral response to the pyridine (60%). **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, no significant difference; black (+), behavioral responses to an olfactory stimulus; gray (–): no behavioral responses to an olfactory stimulus; UWS: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome; MCS, minimally conscious state.