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. 2022 Feb 27;14(2):372–385. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i2.372

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©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Role of prebiotics on immunomodulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Prebiotics contribute to short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate production, which positively influence the structure and function of the microbial community. Butyrate functions include inhibition of histone deacetylase, and decreased tumorigenesis. In addition, inulin improves gut barrier integrity, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharides-toll-like receptors 4 signaling in macrophages during alcoholic liver disease. Fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin stimulates the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria that are implicated in cancer prevention.