Table 1.
Case descriptions of gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome reported in Crohn’s disease
Ref.
|
Age (yr)/sex at GMS onset
|
Initial presentation, time-to-onset
|
Active CD at time of GMS dx
|
CK serum level
|
Biopsy
|
Treatment
|
Corticosteroids-dependence (d) or resistance (r)
|
Ménard et al[8], 1976 | 44/M | Muscular, 2 mo | No | N | Granulomatous myositis | PDS1 (80 mg/d) | No |
Gilliam et al[13], 1981 | 19/M | Digestive, 6 mo | Yes | N | Necrotizing vasculitis | PDS1 (60 mg/d) | No |
Hall et al[10], 1985 | 32/F | Muscular, 120 mo | Yes | N | Non-granulomatous myositis | 5-ASA1, PDS1 (25 mg/d) | No |
Drabble and Gani[14], 1992 | 50/M | Digestive, 168 mo | Yes | N | Not performed | Hydrocortisone1 (400 mg/d), PDS1 | No |
Disdier et al[11], 1997, Case 1 | 26/F | Muscular, 48 mo | Yes | N | Necrotizing vasculitis | PDS1 (60 mg/d), CYC1, 5-ASA1 | Yes (r) |
Disdier et al[11], 1997, Case 2 | 21/F | Simultaneous | Yes | N | Vasculitis | PDS (1 mg/kg/d), AZA1 | Yes (d) |
Christopoulos et al[3], 2003 | 19/F | Simultaneous | Yes | N | Granulomatous myositis | PDS1 (0.5 mg/kg/d) | No |
Ullrich et al[15], 2009 | 25/F | Digestive, 84 mo | Yes | N | Vasculitis | PDS (50 mg/d), AZA, IFX1 | Yes (d) |
Co et al[16], 2010 | 15/F | Digestive, 8 mo | Yes | N | Not performed | IFX1 | / |
Mogul et al[17], 2010 | 15/M | Digestive, 60 mo | No | N | Non-granulomatous myositis | PDS1 (40 mg/d), MTX1 | No |
Piette et al[18], 2010 | 45/M | Simultaneous | Yes | (3-13 × N) | Vasculitis | PDS1 (1 mg/kg/d) | No |
Goldshmid et al[19], 2011 | 24/F | Simultaneous | Yes | (330 U/L) | Not performed | MPDS (100 mg/d), IFX1, AZA1 | Yes (d) |
Vadala di Prampero et al[20], 2016 | 26/M | Digestive, 72 mo | Yes | N | Non-granulomatous myositis | PDS (60 mg/d), AZA1 (chronic), Adalimumab1 | Yes (d) |
Saffar[12], 2017 | 33/F | Digestive, 120 mo | Yes | N | Not performed | PDS, IFX1 | Yes (r) |
Osada et al[9], 2018 | 38/M | Digestive, 3 mo | Yes | N | Non-granulomatous myositis | PDS, AZA1, 5-ASA1 | Yes (d) |
Current case | 33/F | Simultaneous | Yes | N | Granulomatous myositis | MDPS (0.8/kg/d), IFX1 | Yes (d) |
These treatment modalities are those that induced a persistent remission of myositis-related symptoms.
GMS: Gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome; CD: Crohn’s disease; MDPS: Mitochondrial-derived peptides; IFX: Infliximab; ASA: Aminosalicylate; AZA: Azathioprine; PDS: Peroxydisulfate.