Table 1.
Polymeric vehicles based on naturally derived polymers and synthetic polymers for RNA therapeutics to enhance delivery efficiency and treat cancer and other diseases
| Type | Delivery vehicle | Therapeutic modality | Target | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural polymer | CS deacetylation, HA | mRNA | Promoting in vitro transfection efficiency | [25] |
| CS NP | miRNA | Efficient delivery of miRNA to macrophages/can be used to target atherosclerotic lesions | [27] | |
| CS-Heparin NP | siRNA | Improvement of pH-sensitive tranfection efficiency | [28] | |
| CS-HAD NP | CD44 targeting for bladder cancer therapy | [30] | ||
| CuVa NP | Gene knockdown of in vitro melanoma cell line B16 | [31] | ||
| Milk exosome | Anti-tumor activity against lung tumor xenograft | [34] | ||
| Exosome | mRNA | Tumor-suppressing function in glioma model | [35] | |
| Attenuation of in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease | [36] | |||
| Treatment of genetic disease, familial hypercholesterolemia | [37] | |||
| CS NP | mRNA | Transcript therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis | [38] | |
| Synthetic polymer | PEG-PGBA | mRNA | Promoting gene expression levels by modulating the stiffness | [39] |
| hPBAE | Inhaled delivery to the lung epithelium | [40] | ||
| ω-Cholesteryl-PEG-Pasp(DET) | Efficient mRNA introduction into the mouse lung | [41] | ||
| PEG-Plys | Efficient protein expression in mouse brain | [42] | ||
| PEG-Pasp(TEP) | Induction of mRNA to the mouse brain | [43] | ||
| Pasp(DET/CHE) | Targeting the brain for Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease | [44] | ||
| PAsp(DET) | Genome editing in the brain | [45] | ||
| fluorinated PEI | siRNA | Promotion of siRNA delivery to the lung | [46] | |
| PACE-PEG | mRNA | Increased inhalation delivery to the lung | [47] | |
| PEG-PAsp(DET) | Delivery of mRNA to the kidney | [48] | ||
| PEI-γ-PGA | High protein expression in the liver and spleen | [49] | ||
| CARTs | Anti-tumor activity against lymphoma and colon carcinoma tumors | [52] | ||
| PbAE | Antigen-specific immunity to treat ovarian cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma | [53] | ||
| tyrosine-modified PEI | siRNA | High knockdown efficacies to treat melanoma | [54] | |
| ECV-modified PEI | Inhibition of tumor growth in prostate carcinoma xenografts | [55] | ||
| PbAE | Considerable knockdown in the glioblastoma cells | [56] | ||
| PbAE | Platform of glioblastoma treatment | [57] | ||
| PGS | mRNA | Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 delivery system | [59] | |
| PVES | SARS-CoV-2 RBD mRNA vaccine | [60] | ||
| PEG-PAsp(DET/GlcAm) | ATP-responsiveness for selective mRNA release | [61] |