Table 1.
Case No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Ref. | Ghidini et al[1], 1999 | Futagami et al[10], 2003 | Holder et al[5], 2011 | Present |
Age (yr) | 27 | 33 | 16 | 35 |
Underlying disease | HIV | ITP, asthma | COP, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, partial right lower-lobe resection | None |
Gestational age (wk) at diagnosis | 26 + 5 | 38 | 20 | 16 + 1 |
Gestational age (wk) at delivery | 34 | 38 | 28 | 39+4 |
Symptoms | Cough, dyspnea, chest pain | Cough, fever | Dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue | Chest pain, cough, dyspnea, sputum |
Radiologic Findings | Diffuse bilateral parenchymal infiltrates (left lower lobe) in chest X-ray | Diffuse bilateral parenchymal infiltrates in chest X-ray | Patchy ground glass infiltrates in chest CT | Multifocal patchy airspace consolidation and GGO |
Initial diagnosis | Asthmatic bronchitis or interstitial; Pneumonia | Asthmatic bronchitis or mycoplasmic pneumonia | Pre-existing COP | CAP |
Definite diagnosis method | Open lung biopsy | BAL, TBLB | NA | BAL, TBLB |
Initial treatment | Trimethoprim (300 mg) + sulfamethoxazole (1500 mg) IV every 6 h + ceftriaxone (2 g) IV daily, methylprednisolone, 60 mg IV every 8 h | Cefmetazole 1 g every 12 h + gabexatemesilate 2 g IV continuously | NA | Ceftriaxone (2 g daily) IV + amoxicillin (250 mg every 8 h), cefpodoxime (100 mg every 12 h) orally |
Final treatment | Dexamethasone, 5 mg IV every 12 h for 72 h, folowed by methylprednisolone, 60 mg IV daily for 48 h, then 30 mg IV every 8 h for 4 d; and prednisone 40 mg/d orally | Minocycline 100 mg + methylprednisolone 125 mg every 12 h and every 8 h, for 5 d, followed 40 mg per day orally for 11 d | Nebulizer of a beta-2 agonist and corticosteroids | Prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/d) for 10 d |
BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage; CAP: Community acquired pneumonia; COP: Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; GGO: Ground glass opacity; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenia; IV: Intravenous; NA: Not available; TBLB: Transbronchial lung biopsy; CT: Computed tomography.