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. 2021 Dec 20;14:182–205. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.027

Table 4.

Therapeutic application of bioactive phytocompound-based nanomedicine for disease treatment.

Category Type Therapeutic agent Target Therapeutic outcome Refs
Anticancer Liposome CCM Breast cancer
  • -

    Apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

 [97]
Breast/lung cancer
  • -

    Cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and A549 cells

 [98,99]
Celastrol Prostate cancer
  • -

    Anticancer effects on vertebral cancer of prostate cells

 [187]
GEVPG Breast/lung cancer
  • -

    In vitro antitumor effect on MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR-3, and A549 cancer cells

 [188]
GCK Lung cancer
  • -

    Hypersensitizing effect on A549 cancer cells

 [189]
QCT Breast cancer
  • -

    Anticancer effect of liposomal quercetin on MCF-7 cancer cells

 [190]
SFN Breast cancer
  • -

    Combination therapy with doxorubicin for MDA-MB-231 cancer cells

 [191]
WG Liver cancer
  • -

    Increase in anticancer effect on HepG2 cancer cells by targetable GA-modified liposomes (1.5 times of free WG)

 [192]
Nano emulsion Catechin Prostate cancer
  • -

    Apoptosis-based Inhibition of PC-3 cancer cell proliferation

 [193]
PTX Brain cancer
  • -

    Increase in in vitro cytotoxicity in U87-MG cancer cells (2.5 times of free PTX)

 [194]
Tocotrienol Epithelial cancer
  • -

    Increase in anticancer activity in SCC4 and A431 cancer cells (5–6 times of free tocotrienol)

 [195]
Self-assembled NPs or other NPs Betulin Cervical cancer
  • -

    Anticancerous activity against SiHa cancer cells.

 [196]
CCM Prostate cancer
  • -

    Cytotoxic effects on DU145 cancer cells

  • -

    High hemocompatibility (<0.1% hemolysis)

 [124]
Breast cancer
  • -

    Increase in CCM's stability (48 times of free CCM)

  • -

    Increase in anticancer activity to MCF-7 cancer cells (1.8 times of free CCM)

 [197]
CHE Liver cancer
  • -

    In vitro inhibitive effect on HepG2 cancer cells

 [198]
DI Cervical cancer
  • -

    Antiproliferative activity against human cervical cancer Hela cells.

 [199]
Gossypol Prostate cancer
  • -

    High maximum tolerated dose (>60 mg/kg)

  • -

    Prolonged circulation in the bloodstream (>192 h)

 [116]
Hesperetin Colon cancer
  • -

    Lower IC value (7 times of free hesperetin)

  • -

    Induction of apoptosis in HCT15 cancer cells

 [200]
QCT Gastric cancer
  • -

    Anticancer effect on SGC7901/ADR cells

 [117]
Breast/lung cancer
  • -

    Increase in encapsulation efficiency of QCT (80%)

  • -

    Lower IC value (1.6 times of free QCT)

 [201]
Shikonin Ovarian cancer
  • -

    Cytotoxicity towards OVCAR-5 cancer cells (90% inhibition at 48 h)

 [202]
PTX Ovarian cancer
  • -

    In vivo prolonged circulation

  • -

    Antitumor effect on A2780 cancer cells

 [81]
Breast cancer
  • -

    Cytotoxicity towards SK-BR-3 cancer cells (3 times of free PTX)

 [203]
Prostate cancer
  • -

    High tolerated dose (100–120 mg PTX/kg)

  • -

    Antitumor activity in PC-3 cancer cells

 [204]
NLC TQ Liver/breast cancer
  • -

    Anti-metastasis effect on the lungs

  • -

    Decrease in ROS level

 [[205], [206], [207]]
ZER Leukemia
  • -

    Anti-leukemic effect on Jurkat cells

 [119]
Niosome LAW Breast cancer
  • -

    Increase in in vitro cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cancer cells (1.3 times of free LAW)

 [58]
Phytosome RVT Prostate cancer
  • -

    High hemocompatibility (<0.1% hemolysis)

 [124]
Anti-inflammation Liposome SA Hepatic
Injury
  • -

    Increase in oral bioavailability and liver accumulation of SA (9.8 times of free SA)

 [105]
Self-assembled NPs or other NPs BBR Diabetes
  • -

    Decrease in ROS generation (∼3.5 times of free BBR)

  • -

    Decrease in oxidative stress (∼5.0 times of free BBR)

 [208]
EB Ulcerative colitis
  • -

    Anti-inflammatory activity by an increased accumulation in colon tissue

 [209]
EGCG Psoriasis
  • -

    Decrease in psoriasiform pathological markers (p < 0.01)

  • -

    20-fold dose advantage over free EGCG

 [210]
Paeonol Pigment disorders
  • -

    Decrease in skin melanin content after combinational treatment

  • -

    Increase in anti-melanogenesis and reduced toxicity

 [211]
Paeonol Salidroside
SCU Retinopathy
  • -

    Alleviation of structural disorder of intraretinal neovessels in the retina induced by diabetes

 [212]
NLC TQ Gastric ulcer
  • -

    Gastroprotective activity against ulcers

  • -

    Decrease in cytotoxic effect to normal human hepatic cell (1.9 times of free TQ)

 [213]
Niosome CCM Odema
  • -

    Increase in in anti-inflammatory effect of CCM using a hyaluronic acid coating (2 times of free CCM)

 [59]
EB Diabetes
  • -

    Increase in hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant efficacy (1.7 times of free EB)

 [57]
Phytosome Sinigrin Skin wound
  • -

    Increased wound healing (1.4 times of free Sinigrin)

 [214]
QCT Menopause
  • -

    Ameliorating effect in inflammation, oxidative stress, bone, lipid, blood glucose, and weight gain parameters

 [215]
SLN Bixingin Hepatic injury
  • -

    Alleviation in histopathological feature (moderate to absence or mild appearance)

 [118]
SG Gastric ulcer
  • -

    Increase in protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice (1.8 times of free SG)

 [216]
Anti-bacterial Liposome Allicin Food preservation
  • -

    Antimicrobial effect against Listeria spp.

 [217]
Phytosome Gingerol Respiratory infection
  • -

    Increase in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for oral adsorption (20 times of free Gingerol)

 [218]
Anti-oxidant Nano emulsion TQ Cerebral Ischemia
  • -

    Increase in bioavailability (20 times of free TQ)

 [92]
Self-assembled NPs or other NPs Eugenol Cerebral Ischemia
  • -

    Increase in pharmacokinetics after intravenous dose (7.7 times of free Eugenol)

 [219]
Rg3 Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
  • -

    Improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size by reactive oxygen species-responsive Rg3 release

 [220]
RU Cerebral Ischemia
  • -

    Increase in brain targeting after intranasal administration (3.2 times of free RU)

 [221]
Anti-neuro degeneration Self-assembled NPs or other NPs RU Alzheimer's diseases
  • -

    Increase in bioavailability (159 times of free RU)

 [222]
Schisantherin A Parkinson's diseases
  • -

    Neuroprotective effect on PD models of zebrafish

 [186]

BBR: berberine; CB: celecoxib; CHE: chelerythrine; CCM: curcumin; DI: 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I; DOX: doxorubicin; EB: embelin; EGCG: epigallocate-chin-3-O-gallate; GCK: ginsenoside compound K; Rg3: ginsenoside Rg3; GA: glycyrrhetinic acid; GEVPG: glucoevatromonoside; LAW: lawsone; NLC: nanostructured lipid carriers; PTX: paclitaxel; PD: Parkinson's disease; PK: pharmacokinetic; RVT: resveratrol; RU: Rutin; SG: sanguinarine; SCU: scutellarin; SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles; SFN: sulforaphane; SA: syringic acid; TQ: thymoquinone; WG: wogonin; ZER: zerumbone.