Table 1.

Search strategy for each database

Database	Search terms
PubMed	(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((telemedicine[Title/Abstract]) OR (telecare[Title/Abstract])) OR (teleconsultation[Title/Abstract])) OR (telecommunication[Title/Abstract])) OR (home monitoring[Title/Abstract])) OR (monitoring[Title/Abstract])) OR (tele*[Title/Abstract])) OR (tele med*[Title/Abstract])) OR (tele-med*[Title/Abstract])) OR (telehealth[Title/Abstract])) OR (tele-health[Title/Abstract])) OR (remote consult*[Title/Abstract])) OR (remote monitoring[Title/Abstract])) OR (remote patient monitoring[Title/Abstract])) OR (structured telephone support[Title/Abstract])) OR (structured scheduled telephone support[Title/Abstract])) OR (telephone support[Title/Abstract])) OR (telecardiol*[Title/Abstract])) OR (home care services[Title/Abstract])) OR (disease management[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient care team[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient discharge[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient education[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient aftercare[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient care planning[Title/Abstract])) OR (home care services[Title/Abstract])) OR (manage*[Title/Abstract])) OR (comprehensive discharge planning[Title/Abstract])) OR (discharge planning[Title/Abstract])) OR (hospital discharge[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient care planning[Title/Abstract])) OR (multidisciplinary care[Title/Abstract])) OR (care management[Title/Abstract])) OR (transition*[Title/Abstract])) OR (comprehensive health care[Title/Abstract])) OR (process of care[Title/Abstract])) OR (comprehensive care[Title/Abstract])) OR (multidisciplinary care[Title/Abstract])) OR (improve*[Title/Abstract])) OR (promot*[Title/Abstract])) OR (enhanc*[Title/Abstract])) OR (optimi*[Title/Abstract])) OR (quality of health care[Title/Abstract])) OR (improvement initiative[Title/Abstract])) OR (process* improvement[Title/Abstract])) OR (management quality circles[Title/Abstract])) OR (total quality management[Title/Abstract])) OR (guideline adherence[Title/Abstract])) OR (clinical competence[Title/Abstract])) OR (rehabilitation centers[Title/Abstract])) OR (exercise therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (rehabilitation[Title/Abstract])) OR (sports[Title/Abstract])) OR (physicial exertion[Title/Abstract])) OR (exertion[Title/Abstract])) OR (exercise[Title/Abstract])) OR (rehabilit*[Title/Abstract])) OR (lifestyle intervent*[Title/Abstract])) OR (life-style intervent*[Title/Abstract])) OR (psychotherapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (psychotherap*[Title/Abstract])) OR (psycholog*[Title/Abstract])) OR (psycholog* intervent*[Title/Abstract])) OR (self-care[Title/Abstract])) OR (relaxation therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (counseling[Title/Abstract])) OR (cognitive therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (behaviour therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (behavior therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (meditation[Title/Abstract])) OR (hypnotherap*[Title/Abstract])) OR (psycho-educat*[Title/Abstract])) OR (psychoeducat*[Title/Abstract])) OR (motiv* intervent*[Title/Abstract])) OR (health education[Title/Abstract])) OR (self-management[Title/Abstract])) OR (action plan*[Title/Abstract])) OR (medication[Title/Abstract])) OR (medication* treatment[Title/Abstract])) OR (pharmacotherapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (device* implantation[Title/Abstract])) OR (medication adherence[Title/Abstract])) OR (patient compliance[Title/Abstract])) OR (adherent[Title/Abstract])) OR (non-compliant[Title/Abstract])) OR (noncompliance[Title/Abstract])) OR (nonadherent[Title/Abstract])) OR (nonadherence[Title/Abstract])) OR (prescription drug[Title/Abstract])) OR (dosage forms[Title/Abstract])) OR (prescribed[Title/Abstract])) OR (pill*[Title/Abstract])) OR (invasisve HF monitoring[Title/Abstract])) OR (implanted monitoring devices[Title/Abstract])) OR (CRT[Title/Abstract])) OR (biventricular pacing[Title/Abstract])) OR (drug therapy[Title/Abstract])) OR (intervention[Title/Abstract])) OR (interven*[Title/Abstract]))OR (immunization[Title/Abstract]))) OR (e-health[Title/Abstract])) OR (program[Title/Abstract])) OR (mobile health[Title/Abstract])) OR (mhealth[Title/Abstract])) OR (after-hours care[Title/Abstract])) OR (integrated delivery of health care[Title/Abstract])) OR (managed care programs[Title/Abstract])) OR (technological interventions[Title/Abstract])) OR (inventions[Title/Abstract])) OR (automation[Title/Abstract])) OR (program evaluation[Title/Abstract])) OR (standard of care[Title/Abstract])) AND (((((heart failure[Title/Abstract]) OR (cardiac failure[Title/Abstract])) OR (congestive*[Title/Abstract])) OR (left ventricular dysfunction[Title/Abstract])) OR (CHF[Title/Abstract]))) AND ((((((readmission*hospitalization*[Title/Abstract]) OR (rehospitalization*[Title/Abstract])) OR (admission*[Title/Abstract])) OR (re-admission*[Title/Abstract])) OR (readmission*[Title/Abstract])) OR (length of stay[Title/Abstract]))) AND (((((meta analysis[Title/Abstract]) OR (meta-analysis[Title/Abstract])) OR (meta analy*[Title/Abstract])) OR (metaanaly*[Title/Abstract])) OR (meta-analy*[Title/Abstract]))
Cochrane library	#1(Telemedicine):ti,ab,kw OR (telecare):ti,ab,kw OR (teleconsultation):ti,ab,kw OR (telecommunication):ti,ab,kw OR (home monitoring):ti,ab,kw OR (monitoring):ti,ab,kw OR (tele*):ti,ab,kw OR (tele med):ti,ab,kw OR (tele-med*):ti,ab,kw OR (telehealth*):ti,ab,kw OR (tele-health*):ti,ab,kw OR (remote consult*):ti,ab,kw OR (remote monitoring):ti,ab,kw OR (remote patient monitoring):ti,ab,kw OR (structured telephone support):ti,ab,kw OR (structured scheduled telephone support):ti,ab,kw OR (telephone support):ti,ab,kw OR (telecardiol*):ti,ab,kw OR (home care services):ti,ab,kw OR (disease management):ti,ab,kw OR (patient care team):ti,ab,kw OR (patient discharge):ti,ab,kw OR (patient education):ti,ab,kw OR (patient aftercare):ti,ab,kw OR (patient care planning):ti,ab,kw OR (home care services):ti,ab,kw OR (manage*):ti,ab,kw OR (comprehensive discharge planning):ti,ab,kw OR (discharge planning):ti,ab,kw OR (hospital discharge):ti,ab,kw OR (patient care planning):ti,ab,kw OR (multidisciplinary care):ti,ab,kw OR (care management):ti,ab,kw OR (transition*):ti,ab,kw OR (comprehensive health care):ti,ab,kw OR (process of care):ti,ab,kw OR (comprehensive care):ti,ab,kw OR (multidisciplinary care):ti,ab,kw OR (improve*):ti,ab,kw OR (promot*):ti,ab,kw OR (enhanc*):ti,ab,kw OR (optimi*):ti,ab,kw OR (quality of health care):ti,ab,kw OR (improvement initiative):ti,ab,kw OR (process* improvement):ti,ab,kw OR (management quality circles):ti,ab,kw OR (total quality management):ti,ab,kw OR (guideline adherence):ti,ab,kw OR (clinical competence):ti,ab,kw OR (*rehabilitation centers):ti,ab,kw OR (exercise therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (*rehabilitation):ti,ab,kw OR (sports):ti,ab,kw OR (physical exertion):ti,ab,kw OR (exertion):ti,ab,kw OR (exercise):ti,ab,kw OR (rehabilit*):ti,ab,kw OR (lifestyle intervent*):ti,ab,kw OR (life-style intervent*):ti,ab,kw OR (psychotherapy):ti,ab,kw OR (psychotherap*):ti,ab,kw OR (psycholog*):ti,ab,kw OR (psycholog* intervent*):ti,ab,kw OR (self-care):ti,ab,kw OR (relaxation therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (counseling):ti,ab,kw OR (cognitive therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (behaviour therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (behavior therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (meditation):ti,ab,kw OR (hypnotherap*):ti,ab,kw OR (psycho-educat*):ti,ab,kw OR (psychoeducat*):ti,ab,kw OR (motiv* intervent*):ti,ab,kw OR (health education):ti,ab,kw OR ( self-management):ti,ab,kw OR (action plan*):ti,ab,kw OR (Medication):ti,ab,kw OR (medication* treatment):ti,ab,kw OR (pharmacotherapy):ti,ab,kw OR (device* implantation):ti,ab,kw OR (medication adherence):ti,ab,kw OR (patient compliance):ti,ab,kw OR (adherent):ti,ab,kw OR (non-compliant):ti,ab,kw OR (noncompliance):ti,ab,kw OR (nonadherent):ti,ab,kw OR (nonadherence):ti,ab,kw OR (prescription drugs):ti,ab,kw OR (dosage forms):ti,ab,kw OR (prescribed):ti,ab,kw OR (pill* ORinvasive HF monitoring):ti,ab,kw OR (implanted monitoring devices):ti,ab,kw OR (CRT):ti,ab,kw OR (biventricular pacing):ti,ab,kw OR (drug therapy):ti,ab,kw OR (intervention):ti,ab,kw OR (interven*):ti,ab,kw OR (e-health):ti,ab,kw OR (program):ti,ab,kw OR (mobile health):ti,ab,kw OR (mhealth):ti,ab,kw OR (after-hours care):ti,ab,kw OR (integrated delivery of health care):ti,ab,kw OR (managed care programs):ti,ab,kw OR (technological interventions):ti,ab,kw OR (inventions):ti,ab,kw OR (automation):ti,ab,kw OR (program evaluation):ti,ab,kw OR (standard of care):ti,ab,kw OR (OR influenza):ti,ab,kw #2(meta analysis):ti,ab,kw OR (meta-analysis):ti,ab,kw OR (meta analy*):ti,ab,kw OR (metaanaly*):ti,ab,kw OR (meta-analy*):ti,ab,kw #3(hospitalization*):ti,ab,kw OR (rehospitalization*):ti,ab,kw OR (admission*):ti,ab,kw OR (re-admission*):ti,ab,kw OR (readmission*):ti,ab,kw OR (length of stay):ti,ab,kw #4(*Heart failure):ti,ab,kw OR (cardiac failure):ti,ab,kw OR (congestive*):ti,ab,kw OR (left ventricular dysfunction):ti,ab,kw OR (CHF):ti,ab,kw #5#1 AND #2 AND #3 AND #4
Web of Science	#1: TS = (Telemedicine OR telecare OR teleconsultation OR telecommunication OR home monitoring OR monitoring OR tele* OR tele med OR telemed* OR telehealth* OR telehealth* OR remote consult* OR remote monitoring OR remote patient monitoring OR structured telephone support OR structured scheduled telephone support OR telephone support OR telecardiol* OR home care services OR disease management OR patient care team OR patient discharge OR patient education OR patient aftercare OR patient care planning OR home care services OR manage* OR comprehensive discharge planning OR discharge planning OR hospital discharge OR patient care planning OR multidisciplinary care OR care management OR transition* OR comprehensive health care OR process of care OR comprehensive care OR multidisciplinary care OR improve* OR promot* OR enhanc* OR optimi* OR quality of health care OR improvement initiative OR process* improvement OR management quality circles OR total quality management OR guideline adherence OR clinical competence OR *rehabilitation centers OR exercise therapy OR *rehabilitation OR sports OR physical exertion OR exertion OR exercise OR rehabilit* OR lifestyle intervent* OR life-style intervent* OR psychotherapy OR psychotherap* OR psycholog* OR psycholog* intervent* OR self-care OR relaxation therapy OR counseling OR cognitive therapy OR behaviour therapy OR behavior therapy OR meditation OR hypnotherap* OR psycho-educat* OR psychoeducat* OR motiv* intervent* OR health education OR self-management OR action plan* OR Medication OR medication* treatment OR pharmacotherapy OR device* implantation OR medication adherence OR patient compliance OR adherent OR non-compliant OR noncompliance OR nonadherent OR nonadherence OR prescription drugs OR dosage forms OR prescribed OR pill* ORinvasive HF monitoring OR implanted monitoring devices OR CRT OR biventricular pacing OR drug therapy OR intervention OR interven* OR e-health OR program OR mobile health OR mhealth OR after-hours care OR integrated delivery of health care OR managed care programs OR technological interventions OR inventions OR automation OR program evaluation OR standard of care) #2: TS = (meta analysis OR meta-analysis OR meta analy* OR metaanaly* OR meta-analy*) #3: TS = (hospitalization* OR rehospitalization* OR admission* OR re-admission* OR readmission* OR length of stay) #4: TS = (*Heart failure OR cardiac failure OR congestive* OR left ventricular dysfunction OR CHF) #5: #4 AND #3 AND #2 AND #1
Psycinfo	TX ( Telemedicine OR telecare OR teleconsultation OR telecommunication OR home monitoring OR monitoring OR tele* OR tele med OR tele-med* OR telehealth* OR tele-health* OR remote consult* OR remote monitoring OR remote patient monitoring OR structured telephone support OR structured scheduled telephone support OR telephone support OR telecardiol* OR home care services OR disease management OR patient care team OR patient discharge OR patient education OR patient aftercare OR patient care planning OR home care services OR manage* OR comprehensive discharge planning OR discharge planning OR hospital discharge OR patient care planning OR multidisciplinary care OR care management OR transition* OR comprehensive health care OR process of care OR comprehensive care OR multidisciplinary care OR improve* OR promot* OR enhanc* OR optimi* OR quality of health care OR improvement initiative OR process* improvement OR management quality circles OR total quality management OR guideline adherence OR clinical competence OR *rehabilitation centers OR exercise therapy OR *rehabilitation OR sports OR physical exertion OR exertion OR exercise OR rehabilit* OR lifestyle intervent* OR life-style intervent* OR psychotherapy OR psychotherap* OR psycholog* OR psycholog* intervent* OR self-care OR relaxation therapy OR counseling OR cognitive therapy OR behaviour therapy OR behavior therapy OR meditation OR hypnotherap* OR psycho-educat* OR psychoeducat* OR motiv* intervent* OR health education OR self-management OR action plan* OR Medication OR medication* treatment OR pharmacotherapy OR device* implantation OR medication adherence OR patient compliance OR adherent OR non-compliant OR noncompliance OR nonadherent OR nonadherence OR prescription drugs OR dosage forms OR prescribed OR pill* ORinvasive HF monitoring OR implanted monitoring devices OR CRT OR biventricular pacing OR drug therapy OR intervention OR interven* OR e-health OR program OR mobile health OR mhealth OR after-hours care OR integrated delivery of health care OR managed care programs OR technological interventions OR inventions OR automation OR program evaluation OR standard of care) AND TX ( meta analysis OR meta-analysis OR meta analy* OR metaanaly* OR meta-analy*) AND TX ( hospitalization* OR rehospitalization* OR admission* OR re-admission* OR readmission* OR length of stay) AND TX ( *Heart failure OR cardiac failure
Medline	AB ( Telemedicine OR telecare OR teleconsultation OR telecommunication OR home monitoring OR monitoring OR tele* OR tele med OR tele-med* OR telehealth* OR tele-health* OR remote consult* OR remote monitoring OR remote patient monitoring OR structured telephone support OR structured scheduled telephone support OR telephone support OR telecardiol* OR home care services OR disease management OR patient care team OR patient discharge OR patient education OR patient aftercare OR patient care planning OR home care services OR manage* OR comprehensive discharge planning OR discharge planning OR hospital discharge OR patient care planning OR multidisciplinary care OR care management OR transition* OR comprehensive health care OR process of care OR comprehensive care OR multidisciplinary care OR improve* OR promot* OR enhanc* OR optimi* OR quality of health care OR improvement initiative OR process* improvement OR management quality circles OR total quality management OR guideline adherence OR clinical competence OR *rehabilitation centers OR exercise therapy OR *rehabilitation OR sports OR physical exertion OR exertion OR exercise OR rehabilit* OR lifestyle intervent* OR life-style intervent* OR psychotherapy OR psychotherap* OR psycholog* OR psycholog* intervent* OR self-care OR relaxation therapy OR counseling OR cognitive therapy OR behaviour therapy OR behavior therapy OR meditation OR hypnotherap* OR psycho-educat* OR psychoeducat* OR motiv* intervent* OR health education OR self-management OR action plan* OR Medication OR medication* treatment OR pharmacotherapy OR device* implantation OR medication adherence OR patient compliance OR adherent OR non-compliant OR noncompliance OR nonadherent OR nonadherence OR prescription drugs OR dosage forms OR prescribed OR pill* ORinvasive HF monitoring OR implanted monitoring devices OR CRT OR biventricular pacing OR drug therapy OR intervention OR interven* OR e-health OR program OR mobile health OR mhealth OR after-hours care OR integrated delivery of health care OR managed care programs OR technological interventions OR inventions OR automation OR program evaluation OR standard of care OR) AND AB ( meta analysis OR meta-analysis OR meta analy* OR metaanaly* OR meta-analy) AND AB ( hospitalization* OR rehospitalization* OR admission* OR re-admission* OR readmission* OR length of stay) AND AB ( Heart failure OR cardiac failure OR congestive* OR left ventricular dysfunction OR CHF)
CINAHL	AB ( Telemedicine OR telecare OR teleconsultation OR telecommunication OR home monitoring OR monitoring OR tele* OR tele med OR tele-med* OR telehealth* OR tele-health* OR remote consult* OR remote monitoring OR remote patient monitoring OR structured telephone support OR structured scheduled telephone support OR telephone support OR telecardiol* OR home care services OR disease management OR patient care team OR patient discharge OR patient education OR patient aftercare OR patient care planning OR home care services OR manage* OR comprehensive discharge planning OR discharge planning OR hospital discharge OR patient care planning OR multidisciplinary care OR care management OR transition* OR comprehensive health care OR process of care OR comprehensive care OR multidisciplinary care OR improve* OR promot* OR enhanc* OR optimi* OR quality of health care OR improvement initiative OR process* improvement OR management quality circles OR total quality management OR guideline adherence OR clinical competence OR *rehabilitation centers OR exercise therapy OR *rehabilitation OR sports OR physical exertion OR exertion OR exercise OR rehabilit* OR lifestyle intervent* OR life-style intervent* OR psychotherapy OR psychotherap* OR psycholog* OR psycholog* intervent* OR self-care OR relaxation therapy OR counseling OR cognitive therapy OR behaviour therapy OR behavior therapy OR meditation OR hypnotherap* OR psycho-educat* OR psychoeducat* OR motiv* intervent* OR health education OR self-management OR action plan* OR Medication OR medication* treatment OR pharmacotherapy OR device* implantation OR medication adherence OR patient compliance OR adherent OR non-compliant OR noncompliance OR nonadherent OR nonadherence OR prescription drugs OR dosage forms OR prescribed OR pill* ORinvasive HF monitoring OR implanted monitoring devices OR CRT OR biventricular pacing OR drug therapy OR intervention OR interven* OR e-health OR program OR mobile health OR mhealth OR after-hours care OR integrated delivery of health care OR managed care programs OR technological interventions OR inventions OR automation OR program evaluation OR standard of care) AND AB ( meta analysis OR meta-analysis OR meta analy* OR metaanaly* OR meta-analy*) AND AB ( hospitalization* OR rehospitalization* OR admission* OR re-admission* OR readmission* OR length of stay) AND AB ( Heart failure OR cardiac failure OR congestive* OR left ventricular dysfunction OR CHF)