Table 2.
β-Coefficients (95%CIs) a for the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and the markers of T2D risk (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016).
| Outcomes | β (95% CI) | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per SD b increase | T1 (−5.83, −1.04) | T2 (−1.05, 0.76) | T3 (0.77, 5.32) | ||
| FPG c | |||||
| Model 1 g | 0.004 (0.001, 0.007) | ref | 0.019 (0.010, 0.027) | 0.012 (0.004, 0.019) | 0.003 |
| Model 2 h | 0.010 (0.007, 0.013) | ref | 0.021 (0.014, 0.029) | 0.025 (0.017, 0.033) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 i | 0.009 (0.005, 0.012) | ref | 0.017 (0.010, 0.025) | 0.021 (0.013, 0.028) | <0.001 |
| FSI d | |||||
| Model 1 g | 0.099 (0.081, 0.117) | ref | 0.178 (0.135, 0.221) | 0.240 (0.198, 0.282) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 h | 0.098 (0.079, 0.116) | ref | 0.167 (0.125, 0.209) | 0.230 (0.184, 0.276) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 i | 0.083 (0.067, 0.099) | ref | 0.122 (0.089, 0.155) | 0.191 (0.153, 0.229) | <0.001 |
| HbA1C e | |||||
| Model 1 g | −0.000 (−0.003, 0.002) | ref | 0.006 (0.000, 0.012) | 0.000 (-0.005, 0.006) | 0.941 |
| Model 2 h | 0.004 (0.002, 0.006) | ref | 0.009 (0.004, 0.014) | 0.010 (0.005, 0.015) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 i | 0.002 (−0.000, 0.004) | ref | 0.006 (0.001, 0.011) | 0.005 (0.000, 0.010) | 0.033 |
| HOMA-IR f | |||||
| Model 1 g | 0.104 (0.085, 0.122) | ref | 0.197 (0.150, 0.243) | 0.251 (0.209, 0.294) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 h | 0.108 (0.089, 0.126) | ref | 0.188 (0.144, 0.232) | 0.255 (0.207, 0.302) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 i | 0.092 (0.075, 0.109) | ref | 0.139 (0.105, 0.174) | 0.212 (0.172, 0.252) | <0.001 |
CI, confidence interval.
SD, standard deviation.
FPG, fasting plasma glucose.
FSI, fasting serum insulin.
HbA1c, glycohemoglobin.
HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
Model 1 adjusted for energy (continuous) and age (continuous).
Model 2 adjusted for energy (continuous), age (continuous), sex (categorical), education levels (categorical), ethnicity/race (categorical), PIR (continuous).
Model 3 adjusted for energy (continuous), age (continuous), sex (categorical), education levels (categorical), ethnicity/race (categorical), PIR (continuous), BMI (categorical), hypertension (categorical), CVD (categorical), cancer (categorical), serum cotinine (continuous), and physical activity (continuous).