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. 2022 Feb 17;13:823382. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823382

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Li, Zhang, Gao, Ruan, Tian and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Infection of M. incognita to cucumber roots. (A) Control cucumber roots without nematode infection. (C) Galls (blue arrows) are induced in roots by M. incognita. (B,D) Are the close-up views of sections marked in (A) (red) and (C) (blue) regions. Blue arrows in (D) indicate root knots or galls induced by nematodes. (E) The anatomic structure of a gall. Red pentagrams indicate the giant cells (GCs). (F1–F5) RKN life cycle inside cucumber roots, J2 (F1)-J3 (F2)-J4 (F3,F4)-eggs (F5). Black arrows indicate the female nematodes with a pear-shaped body. Black pentagram indicates the eggs produced by adult nematodes.