TABLE 6.
Compounds with anti-HIV activity
| Target | Compound | Class | Plant | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reverse transcriptase | Ellagitannin | Tannin | —a | 155 |
| Hydroxymaprounic acid, hydroxybenzoate | Terpenoids | Maprounea africana | 173 | |
| Betulinic acid, platanic acid | Terpenoids | Syzigium claviflorum | 74 | |
| Catechin | Polyphenol | — | 147 | |
| Faicalein, quercetin, myricetin, baicalin | Flavonoids | Quercus rubra, others | 165, 208, 216 | |
| Nigranoic acid | Terpenoids | Schisandra sphaerandra | 212 | |
| Amentoflavone, scutellarein, others | Flavonoids, flavones | — | 96, 146, 164, 165, 208, 217, 218 | |
| Benzophenanthridine | Alkaloid | — | 200, 217 | |
| Protoberberine | Alkaloid | — | 217 | |
| Psychotrines | Alkaloids | Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha) | 217 | |
| Michellamine B | Alkaloid | Ancistrocladus korupensis | 142 | |
| Suksdorfin | Coumarins | Lomatium suksdorfii | 126 | |
| Coriandrin | Coumarin | Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) | 99 | |
| Caffeic acid | Tannin | Hyssop officinalis | 119 | |
| Cornusin, others | Condensed and hydrolyzable tannins | Cornus officinalis and others | 111 | |
| Swertifrancheside | Flavonoid | Swertia franchetiana | 172 | |
| Salaspermic acid | Flavonoid | Trypterygium wilfordii | 40 | |
| Glycyrrhizin | Flavonoid | Licorice (Glycyrrhiza rhiza) | 102, 242 | |
| — | Protein | Cactus (Opuntia streptacantha) | 3 | |
| Methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid | Lignan | Many trees | 80 | |
| Thuja polysaccharide | Polysaccharide | Thuja occidentalis | 160 | |
| Lignin-polysaccharide complexes | Japanese white pine (Pinus parvifloria) | 126 | ||
| Integrase | — | Flavonoids, flavones | — | 32, 67 |
| MAP30, GAP31, DAP 32, DAP 30 | Proteins | Momordica charantia, Gelonium multiflorum | 97, 128–130 | |
| — | Lectins | — | 20 | |
| Caffeic acid | Terpenoid | — | 68 | |
| Curcumin | Terpenoid | Turmeric (Curcuma longa) | 139 | |
| Quercetin | Flavonoid | Quercus rubra | 67 | |
| Protease | Carnosolic acid | Terpenoid | Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) | 171 |
| Ursolic acid | Terpenoids | Geum japonicum | 246 | |
| Flavonoids, flavones | 32, 48, 67 | |||
| Adsorption | Mannose-specific lectins | Lectins | Snowdrop (Galanthus), daffodil (Narcissus), amaryllis (Amaryllis), Gerardia | 148 |
| Schumannificine 1 | Alkaloid | Schumanniophyton magnificum | 94 | |
| Prunellin | Polysaccharide | Prunella | 249 | |
| Viral fusion | Mannose- and N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins | Lectins | Cymbidium hybrid, Epiactic helleborine, Listeria ovata, Urtica dioica | 20 |
| Syncytium formation | Propolis | Mixture | Various trees | 9, 52 |
| Michellamine B | Alkaloid | Ancistrocladus korupensis | 142 | |
| MAR-10 | Polysaccharide | Hyssop officinalis | 81 | |
| Interference with cellular factors | Chrysin | Flavone | Chrysanthemum morifolium | 48 |
| 29,000-mol-wt protein | Protein | Pokeweed (Phytolacca) | 41 | |
| Hypericin | Anthraquinone | St. John’s wort (Hypericum) | 41, 99 | |
| Camptothecin | Alkaloid | ? | 169 | |
| Trichosanthin, momorcharins | Ribosome-inactiving proteins | Cucurbitaceae family | 141 | |
| Unknown | — | Sulfated polysaccharide | Prunella vulgaris | 214 |
| — | Sulfonated polysaccharide | Viola yedoensis | 154 | |
| Jacalin | Lectin | ? | 46, 64 | |
| Zingibroside R-1 | Terpenoid | Panax zingiberensis Wu et Feng | 86 | |
| Thiarubrines | Terpenoids | Asteraceae | 98 | |
| Chrysin | Flavonoid | Chrysanthemum morifolium | 96 | |
| — | Essential oil/terpenoids | Houttuynia cordata | 88 |
a
—, unspecified.