Table 1.
Biochemical and clinical characteristics of total patients according to AMH group
| Maternal characteristics | Serum AMH, ng/mL | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 2.25 (n = 746) | 2.25–5.71 (n = 1486) | > 5.71 (n = 741) | ||
| Female age (y) | 33.0 (30.0–36.0)a,b | 31.0 (29.0–34.0)b | 31.0 (28.0–33.0) | < 0.0011 |
| Female BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1 (19.5–22.8) | 21.1 (19.5–23.1) | 21.1 (19.5–23.4) | 0.6041 |
| Type of infertility | < 0.0012 | |||
| Primary | 337 (45.2%)b | 750 (50.5%) | 411 (55.5%) | |
| Secondary | 409 (54.8%) | 736 (49.5%) | 330 (44.5%) | |
| Duration of infertility (y) | 3.0 (1.5–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.3071 |
| Cause of infertility | ||||
| Uterine and tubal factor | 287 (38.5%)b | 559 (37.6%)b | 210 (28.3%) | < 0.0012 |
| Ovulatory disorders | 4 (0.5%)a,b | 51 (3.4%)b | 159 (21.5%) | < 0.0012 |
| Endometriosis | 65 (8.7%) | 109 (7.3%) | 42 (5.7%) | 0.0772 |
| Male factor | 113 (15.1%) | 228 (15.3%) | 103 (13.9%) | 0.6552 |
| Female and male factor | 64 (8.6%) | 158 (10.6%) | 92 (12.4%) | 0.0552 |
| Unexplained | 213 (28.6%)b | 381 (25.6%)b | 135 (18.2%) | < 0.0012 |
| D3 serum FSH level (IU/L) | 6.62 (5.05–7.82)c | 6.44 (5.39–7.53)c | 5.83 (4.22–8.34) | 0.0131 |
| D3 serum LH level (IU/L) | 3.87 (2.85–5.16)a,b | 4.62 (3.43–6.17)b | 6.20 (5.34–7.21) | < 0.0011 |
| LH/FSH ratio | 0.61 (0.45–0.81)a,b | 0.72 (0.55–0.95)b | 0.92 (0.72–1.33) | < 0.0011 |
| Testosterone(ng/ml) | 0.23 (0.15–0.32)a,b | 0.25 (0.18–0.33)b | 0.30 (0.22–0.40) | < 0.0011 |
| TSH (μIU/mL) | 1.92 (1.40–2.69) | 1.95 (1.38–2.69) | 2.01 (1.44–3.01) | 0.0431 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.19 (4.85–5.67) | 5.25 (4.95–5.56) | 5.25 (4.94–5.63) | 0.7441 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 9.90 (6.60–17.50) | 10.40 (7.28–15.65) | 10.50 (7.30–15.35) | 0.9471 |
| QUICKI | 0.336 ± 0.033 | 0.334 ± 0.032 | 0.334 ± 0.030 | 0.8463 |
| Hyperandrogenemia, % | 58 (7.8%)b | 127 (8.5%)b | 106 (14.3%) | < 0.0012 |
| Polycystic ovaries, % | 8 (1.1%)a,b | 108 (7.3%)b | 267 (36.0%) | < 0.0012 |
| Menstrual regularity | < 0.0012 | |||
| Regular periods, % | 606 (81.2%)a,b | 974 (65.5%)b | 298 (40.2%) | |
| Oligomenorrhea, % | 138 (18.5%)a,b | 495 (33.3%)b | 385 (52.0%) | |
| Amenorrhea, % | 2 (0.3%)b | 17 (1.1%)b | 58 (7.8%) | |
| PCOS diagnosis, % | 16 (2.1%)a,b | 134 (9.0%)b | 268 (36.2%) | < 0.0012 |
| Gonadotropin start dose(IU) | 300.0 (225.0–300.0)a,b | 225.0 (150.0–300.0)b | 150.0 (112.5–225.0) | < 0.0011 |
| Duration of gonadotropin stimulation (d) | 9.0 (8.0–11.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.0411 |
| Total dose of gonadotropin used (IU) | 2700.0 (2287.5–3000.0)a,b | 2400.0 (1837.5–2756.4)b | 1800.0 (1350.0–2262.4) | < 0.0011 |
| Serum E2 level (pg/mL) on hCG day | 1886.0 (1342.0–2523.5)a,b | 2601.0 (1924.8–3765.8)b | 2912.0 (2223.0–4134.5) | < 0.0011 |
| Endometrial thickness (mm) on hCG day | 11 (10–13) | 11 (10–13) | 11 (10–12) | 0.5301 |
| No. of oocyte retrieved | 9 (7–12)a,b | 12 (10–15)b | 14 (11–16) | < 0.0011 |
| No. of oocyte fertilized | 7 (5–10)a,b | 10 (7–13)b | 11 (9–14) | < 0.0011 |
| No. of embryos transferred | 2.02 ± 0.61a | 1.92 ± 0.55 | 1.95 ± 0.45 | 0.0011 |
| Cycles with different technologies | 0.0562 | |||
| IVF | 634 (85.0%) | 1242 (83.6%) | 648 (87.4%) | |
| ICSI | 112 (15.0%) | 244 (16.4%) | 93 (12.6%) | |
| Embryo type | < 0.0012 | |||
| Cleavage embryo | 509 (68.2%)a,b | 847 (57.0%) | 457 (61.7%) | |
| Blastocyst | 237 (31.8%) | 639 (43.0%) | 284 (38.3%) | |
| Embryo quality | 0.0032 | |||
| Cycle with high-quality embryos | 701 (94.0%)d | 1412 (95.0%)d | 723 (97.6%) | |
| Cycles without high-quality embryos | 45 (6.0%) | 74 (5.0%) | 18 (2.4%) | |
Note: BMI Body mass index, FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone, LH Luteinizing hormone, TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone, QUICKI Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, E2 Estradiol, IVF in vitro fertilization, ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
Values are numbers (percentages) of participants, median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation
1Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post-hoc pairwise comparison
2Chi-square test followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test
3One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test
aP < 0.001, statistically significant differences from average-AMH group
bP < 0.001, statistically significant differences from high-AMH group
cP < 0.05, statistically significant differences from high-AMH group
dP < 0.01, statistically significant differences from high-AMH group