Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Controls (n = 20) | GDM (n = 20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36(35,37.5) | 36(35.25,37) | 0.933a |
| Total years of schooling (years) | 16(15,16) | 15.5(12,16) | 0.343a |
| Tertiary Education | |||
| Unaccepted | 9(45.00) | 10(50.00) | 0.752c |
| Graduated | 11(55.00) | 10(50.00) | |
| House income | |||
| less than 4000 RMB per month | 1(5.00) | 1(5.00) | |
| less than 7000 RMB per month | 4(20.00) | 4(20.00) | |
| less than 10000 RMB per month | 7(35.00) | 6(30.00) | 0.492c |
| less than 16000 RMB per month | 7(35.00) | 5(25.00) | |
| less than 25000 RMB per month | 0(0.00) | 3(15.00) | |
| less than 70000 RMB per month | 0(0.00) | 1(5.00) | |
| More than 70000 RMB per month | 1(5.00) | 0(0.00) | |
| Gravidity | 3(1.25,5) | 4(3,4.75) | 0.498a |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 8(40.00) | 5(25.00) | 0.32c |
| Primiparous | 11(55.00) | 15(75.00) | |
| Multiparous | 1(5.00) | 0(0.00) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.08±3.6 | 23±2.94 | 0.382b |
| sBP, mmHg | 111.8±11.11 | 112±8.77 | 0.95b |
| dBP, mmHg | 69.65±8.02 | 69.5±8.16 | 0.954b |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.55(4.43,4.8) | 5.2(4.7,5.48) | 0.001a |
| 60-min postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.1(6.7,8.5) | 10(8.38,10.90) | <0.001a |
| 120-min postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6.74±0.84 | 9.02±1.28 | <0.001b |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Unassisted vaginal | 5(25.00) | 7(35.00) | 0.478c |
| Operative vaginal | 1(5.00) | 0(0.00) | |
| Prelabour LSCS | 0(0.00) | 1(5.00) | |
| LSCS in labour | 14(70.00) | 12(60.00) | |
| Delivery gestational age (weeks) | 39(38,39.75) | 38(37,39) | 0.075a |
| Birth weight (g) | 3365(3172.5,3537.5) | 3200(2850.5,3617) | 0.304a |
| Birth length (cm) | 50(49,50) | 49(48.25,51) | 0.484a |
Abbreviations: sBP systolic blood pressure, dBP diastolic blood pressure, LSCS lower segment cesarean section
Values are means ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%)
a P value from Mann–Whitney test
b P value from Student t-test
c P value from Chi square test