TABLE 5.

Borrelia species associated with LB, their ecological and pathogenic characteristics, and their geographic distribution

Taxon	Vector	Animal host	Human diseasea	Distribution	Reference(s)
B. burgdorferi sensu lato	I. scapularis	Mammals, birds	EM, arthritis, carditis, neuroborreliosis	United States	14, 111
	I. pacificus
	I. ricinus			Europe	14
	I. persulatus?			Asia?	130
B. garinii	I. ricinus	Birds, small mammals	EM, arthritis, neuroborreliosis	Europe	14
	I. persulatus			Asia
B. afzelii	I. ricinus	Small mammals	EM, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, ACA	Europe	14, 35
	I. persulatus			Asia
B. japonica	I. ovatus	Small mammals	No	Japan	116
B. valaisiana	I. ricinus	Birds	Unclear	Europe	267
	I. granulatus			Asia
	I. columnae
B. lusitaniae	I. ricinus	Unknown	No	Central Europe	127
B. andersonii	I. dentatus	Rabbit	No	United States	143
B. bissettii sp. nov.	I. pacificus	Rodents, birds	Unclear	United States	197, 201
	I. neotomae
	I. scapularis
	I. ricinus		EM, lymphocytoma	Slovenia	247
B. takunii	I. takunus	Small mammals	No	Japan	68
B. turdib	I. turdus	Small mammals	No	Japan	68

^aThe clinical syndromes associated with distinct B. burgdorferi sensu lato species are in boldface type. 

^bThe name has been corrected from B. turdae (68) by the International Union of Microbiological Societies (108).