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. 2022 Feb 3;39(3):msac029. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msac029

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — CpG depletion in SARS-CoV-2 is not linked to the loss of constituent mononucleotides: violin plots showing the distribution of (a) GC content, (b) CpGs O/E ratios, and (c) GpCs O/E ratios among SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected in the first 2 months (January–February 2020) and last 2 months (April–May 2021) of the study period. Over the course of the pandemic, a statistically significant decrease in GC content was observed. Contrasting trends in the relative abundance of CpG and GpC dinucleotides were noted; CpG O/E ratios decreased, whereas GpC O/E ratios increased during the 17-month period. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the medians. O/E, observed/expected.