Table 3.
Risk factors of depression and anxiety in patients with PH.
| Depression | Anxiety | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect size | 95% CI | p-value | Effect size | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | β 0.038 | −0.023–0.098 | 0.220 | β 0.014 | −0.041–0.069 | 0.610 |
| White | OR 1.352 | 0.847–2.157 | 0.348 | OR1.221 | 0.942–1.584 | 0.295 |
| Female | OR 0.938 | 0.681–1.293 | 0.746 | OR1.071 | 0.715–1.606 | 0.783 |
| Married | OR 0.880 | 0.773–1.003 | 0.169 | OR 1.203 | 0.771–1.877 | 0.532 |
| Unemployed | OR 0.961 | 0.900–1.027 | 0.396 | - | - | - |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| PAH Total | OR 0.900 | 0.795–1.018 | 0.179 | OR 0.936 | 0.848–1.034 | 0.292 |
| PAH – Idiopathic | OR 0.964 | 0.779–1.192 | 0.782 | OR 0.887 | 0.793–0.991 | 0.135 |
| PAH – CTD | OR 1.132 | 0.692–1.850 | 0.689 | OR 1.141 | 0.669–1.945 | 0.699 |
| PAH - Portal HTN | OR 1.330 | 0.986–1.794 | 0.215 | - | - | - |
| PAH – CHD | OR 1.678 | 1.265–2.225 | 0.024 | OR 1.631 | 1.453–1.831 | 0.002 |
| CTEPH | OR 1.175 | 1.098–1.257 | 0.004 | OR 0.980 | 0.846–1.136 | 0.830 |
| PH-Lung | OR 1.115 | 0.572–2.170 | 0.806 | - | - | - |
| Severity | ||||||
| WHO I-II | OR 0.879 | 0.745–1.038 | 0.271 | OR 0.981 | 0.853–1.128 | 0.838 |
| WHO III-IV | OR 1.124 | 0.980–1.290 | 0.235 | OR 1.019 | 0.905–1.148 | 0.807 |
| Oxygen Use | OR 1.162 | 0.872–1.550 | 0.418 | OR 0.914 | 0.724–1.154 | 0.547 |
| 6MWD (m) | β −0.003 | −0.022–0.016 | 0.764 | β −0.009 | −0.019–0.001 | 0.086 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | β −0.022 | −0.092–0.049 | 0.548 | β −0.011 | −0.062–0.040 | 0.681 |
| PVR (Wood units) | β 0.081 | −0.204–0.367 | 0.577 | β 0.303 | 0.091–0.515 | 0.005 |
| RAP (mmHg) | β −0.049 | −0.174–0.076 | 0.439 | β −0.091 | −0.295–0.112 | 0.379 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | β −1.809 | −4.087–0.469 | 0.120 | β −0.963 | −1.582–−0.345 | 0.002 |
PH, pulmonary hypertension; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTD, connective tissue disease; Portal HTN, portal hypertension; CHD, congenital heart disease; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PH-lung, pulmonary hypertension related to lung disease; WHO, World Health Organization; 6MWD, 6-minute walk distance; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP, right atrial pressure; CI, cardiac index; - no data reported.