Table 3.
Macrophage Profiles
| Macrophage classification | Surface marker | Cytokine production | Activation signal | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classically activated (M1) | CD80 CCR7 CD68 |
IL-1, IL-6, TNF, IL-12, IL-1β | IFN-γ TNF LPS |
Proinflammatory cytokine production Nitrogen and oxygen intermediates production Microbicidal or tumoricidal activity |
43,45–47 |
| Wound healing (M2) | CD163 CD206 (mannose receptor) |
IL-1ra Arginase |
IL-4 IL-13 TGF-β VEGF |
Tissue architecture remodeling Immunoregulation Limit parasitic activity Tumor progression |
36,46 |
| Regulatory (Mreg) | CD80 CD86 |
IL-10 TGF-β |
Dopamine Histamine Adenosine Sphingosine 1-phosphate Melanocortin Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
Immunoregulation | 35 |
Mreg, regulatory macrophage; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.