Table 2.

Association Between Treatment Type and Concurrent Cognitive Performance, Health and Retirement Study, 2006–2014

Cognitive Score	Total Cognition B (95% CI), p Value	Immediate Word Recall B (95% CI), p Value	Delayed Word Recall B (95% CI), p Value	Serial 7’s B (95% CI), p Value	Backwards Counting B (95% CI), p Value
No treatment	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Self-initiated treatment	0.01 (−0.22, 0.25), p = .901	0.02 (−0.08, 0.12), p = .696	0.02 (−0.10, 0.14), p = .742	−0.04 (−0.13, 0.05), p = .394	0.01 (−0.02, 0.04), p = .500
Doctor-recommended treatment	−0.09 (−0.28, 0.10), p = .369	−0.05 (−0.14, 0.03), p = .240	−0.02 (−0.12, 0.08), p = .689	−0.02 (−0.10, 0.05), p = .526	0.00 (−0.02, 0.03), p = .813

Notes: Beta coefficient comes from generalized estimating equations and corresponds to association between treatment type and each cognitive test averaged across all years. Results control for time, baseline age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, number of health conditions, body mass index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, smoking, drinking, # days drink/week, and # drinks/day. All bolded values denote statistical significance at p < .05.