TABLE 1.
Characteristics of subjects stratified by the clinical cutoff value of eGFR.
| Characteristics | Total | eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 |
P-value | ||
| <60 | ≥ 60, <90 | ≥90 | |||
| N | 9,527 | 1,015 | 3,496 | 5,016 | |
| Age, years | 63.7 ± 9.8 | 70.8 ± 9.1 | 67.5 ± 9.0 | 59.5 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
| Female, N (%) | 4,955 (52.0) | 462 (45.5) | 1,672 (47.8) | 2,821 (56.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 22.9 ± 3.6 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 147.2 ± 17.5 | 149.2 ± 20.9 | 148.0 ± 18.3 | 146.3 ± 16.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 89.0 ± 10.8 | 85.5 ± 12.1 | 87.8 ± 11.0 | 90.6 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory results | |||||
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 17.9 ± 11.1 | 25.6 ± 15.6 | 19.2 ± 11.6 | 15.3 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 0.009 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 0.065 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 86.3 ± 19.6 | 44.9 ± 13.1 | 78.3 ± 8.6 | 100.3 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive Function | |||||
| MMSE | 22.1 ± 6.4 | 20.6 ± 6.8 | 21.9 ± 6.4 | 22.5 ± 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Orientation | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 8.0 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Immediate recall | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Calculation and attention | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Short-term verbal memory | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Language and visual-spatial skills | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, N(%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 5,434 (57.0) | 510 (50.2) | 1,823 (52.1) | 3,101 (61.8) | |
| Former | 1,593 (16.7) | 237 (23.3) | 701 (20.1) | 655 (13.1) | |
| Current | 2,500 (26.2) | 268 (26.4) | 972 (27.8) | 1,260 (25.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption, N(%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 6,432 (67.5) | 703 (69.3) | 2,327 (66.6) | 3,402 (67.8) | |
| Former | 963 (10.1) | 157 (15.5) | 386 (11.0) | 420 (8.4) | |
| Current | 2,132 (22.4) | 155 (15.3) | 783 (22.4) | 1,194 (23.8) | |
| Education, N(%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Illiteracy | 3,478 (36.5) | 405 (39.9) | 1,309 (37.4) | 1,764 (35.2) | |
| Primary school | 4,024 (42.2) | 438 (43.2) | 1,466 (41.9) | 2,120 (42.3) | |
| Secondary school and above | 2,025 (21.3) | 172 (16.9) | 721 (20.6) | 1,132 (22.6) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, N(%) | 1,727 (18.1) | 246 (24.2) | 611 (17.5) | 870 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, N(%) | 533 (5.6) | 76 (7.5) | 254 (7.3) | 203 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Mild cognitive impairment, N(%) | 2,541 (26.7) | 344 (33.9) | 993 (28.4) | 1,204 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, N(%) | 5,798 (60.9) | 753 (74.2) | 2,270 (64.9) | 2,775 (55.3) | <0.001 |
For continuous variables, values are presented as mean ± SD; for categorical variables, values are presented as N(%).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.