Table 1.
Self-reported demographics, clinical, and Life's Simple 7 data for participants age <50 yrs.
| Age <50 years No CVD (n = 696) | Age <50 yrs CVD (n = 349) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 35.3 ± 8.4 | 39.8 ± 6.7 | <0.01 |
| Gender (no., % female) | 572 (82.2) | 293 (84.0) | 0.48 |
| Race and ethnicity (no.) | |||
| Asian | 26 | 5 | <0.02 |
| Black | 20 | 21 | |
| Hispanic | 39 | 16 | |
| White | 590 | 290 | |
| Other | 21 | 17 | |
| Region (no.) | |||
| Northeast | 104 | 59 | 0.31 |
| South | 264 | 147 | |
| Midwest | 175 | 75 | |
| West | 153 | 68 | |
| Affluence status | 0.43 ± 0.15 | 0.39 ± 0.14 | <0.01 |
| ASCVD risk factors | |||
| Diabetes mellitus (no., %) | 35 (5.0) | 53 (15.2) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension (no., %) | 244 (35.1) | 210 (60.2) | <0.01 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (no., %) | 234 (33.6) | 201 (57.6) | <0.01 |
| Medications (no., %) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (4.0) | 46 (13.2) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 99 (14.2) | 167 (47.9) | <0.01 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 32 (4.6) | 101 (28.9) | <0.01 |
| Smoking status (no., %) | |||
| Current | 49 (7.0) | 38 (10.9) | <0.01 |
| Quit ≤ 1 year | 16 (2.3) | 32 (9.2) | |
| Quit >1 year | 124 (17.8) | 106 (30.4) | |
| Never | 507 (72.9) | 173 (49.5) | |
| Clinical data | |||
| Weight (kg) | 82.5 ± 24.2 | 87.9 ± 26.1 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 8.0 | 31.4 ± 8.7 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 116.4 ± 10.5 | 116.5 ± 14.9 | 0.98 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 73.3 ± 7.5 | 72.6 ± 10.2 | 0.25 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)* | 187.9 ± 22.4 | 184.6 ± 29.1 | <0.05 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L)* | 95.5 ± 16.2 | 99.9 ± 20.8 | <0.01 |
| Diet | |||
| Vegetables/day (cups) | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 0.79 |
| Fruit/day (cups) | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 0.83 |
| Fish (servings/week) | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.27 |
| Whole grains (servings/day) | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (servings/week) | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 0.83 |
| Avoid prepackaged foods (no., %) | 311 (44.7) | 193 (55.3) | <0.01 |
| Avoid eating out (no., %) | 212 (30.5) | 167 (47.9) | <0.01 |
| Avoid salt at home (no., %) | 308 (44.3) | 246 (70.5) | <0.01 |
| Exercise | |||
| Moderate exercise (min/week) | 198.5 ± 211.9 | 215.5 ± 236.5 | 0.24 |
| Vigorous exercise (min/week) | 76.5 ± 118.1 | 53.8 ± 107.3 | <0.01 |
| Life's Simple 7 | |||
| Smoking score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 49 (7.0) | 38 (10.9) | |
| Intermediate | 16 (2.3) | 32 (9.2) | |
| Ideal | 631 (90.7) | 279 (79.9) | |
| Activity score (no., %) | 0.08 | ||
| Poor | 14 (2.0) | 7 (2.0) | |
| Intermediate | 251 (36.1) | 146 (41.8) | |
| Ideal | 431 (61.9) | 196 (56.2) | |
| Diet score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 348 (50.0) | 149 (42.7) | |
| Intermediate | 303 (43.5) | 163 (46.7) | |
| Ideal | 45 (6.5) | 37 (10.6) | |
| Weight score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 270 (38.8) | 172 (49.3) | |
| Intermediate | 164 (23.6) | 81 (23.2) | |
| Ideal | 262 (37.6) | 96 (27.5) | |
| Blood glucose score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 16 (2.3) | 23 (6.6) | |
| Intermediate | 123 (17.7) | 87 (24.9) | |
| Ideal | 557 (80.0) | 239 (68.5) | |
| Cholesterol score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 14 (2.0) | 5 (1.4) | |
| Intermediate | 207 (29.7) | 192 (55.0) | |
| Ideal | 475 (68.3) | 152 (43.6) | |
| Blood pressure score (no., %) | <0.01 | ||
| Poor | 29 (4.2) | 25 (7.2) | |
| Intermediate | 261 (37.5) | 197 (56.5) | |
| Ideal | 406 (58.3) | 127 (36.4) | |
| LS7 Health Score | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | <0.01 |
*Contains imputed data from Life's Simple 7. Categorical variables are analyzed by Chi-Square test. Continuous variables are analyzed by t-test. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. CVD, cardiovascular disease; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.