TABLE 3.

Animal models for infections with members of the Flaviviridae

Virus	Model	Remarks	Reference(s)
HCV	Chimpanzees	Viremia after peripheral infection	15, 27, 205
	Trimera mouse model	Viral replication after implantation of HCV-positive liver fragments	42
	Huh-7 HCC mouse model	Viral replication after implantation of HCV-infected HCC cells in nude mice	174
	Hepatocarcinogenesis	Cirrhosis and liver cancer in mice transgenic for the HCV core protein	173
YFV	Monkeys	Morbidity and mortality after peripheral infection	6, 137, 146, 157, 168
	Suckling mice	Encephalitis and death after intracerebral injection with a mouse-adapted YFV strain	201
DFV	Monkeys	Viremia after peripheral inoculation; encephalitis after direct intracerebral infection	5, 155
	Suckling mice	Encephalitis after intracerebral but not peripheral inoculation with strain adapted through serial passage in the brain	24, 110
	Hu-PBL-SCID model	Some (but variable) viral replication	251
	K562-SCID model	Encephalitis and death after inoculation of the virus in an abdominal erythroleukemia tumor mass	142
	AG129 mice (IFN-αr/βr-γr)	Encephalitis and death after intraperitoneal inoculation	103
JEV	Bonnet macaques	Encephalitis after intracerebral or peripheral inoculation	70, 75
	Immunocompetent mice	Encephalitis and death after peripheral or intracerebral inoculation with some strains	87
TBEV	Dogs	Encephalitis and death after bite of an infected tick	242
	Immunocompetent mice	Encephalitis and death after peripheral inoculation with a neurovirulent strain	237
	Suckling mice	Encephalitis and death after intracerebral or peripheral infection	89, 106