Fig 3. Acute effects of HWHF on (A) DPP-IV enzyme activity in vitro, (B) glucose tolerance, (C) plasma insulin and (D) plasma DPP-IV in high fat fed rats. Parameters were assessed before and after oral administration of 18 mmol glucose/kg, body weight (control) with or without HWHF (250 mg/5ml/kg, b.w.).

Established DPP-IV inhibitors: sitagliptin and vildagliptin, were used as positive controls. Values are Mean±SEM, n = 4 for DPP-IV enzyme activity in vitro and n = 6 for glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and DPP-IV in vivo. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001, compared to normal control and ^Δp<0.05, ^ΔΔp<0.01 and ^ΔΔΔp<0.001 compared to control.