Table 4. Distribution of biomarkers among AKI phenotypes at time of organ procurement.
| Urine biomarkers | Total (n = 428) | No AKI (n = 304) | Hemodynamic (n = 16) | Mixed (n = 45) | Intrinsic (n = 63) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGF (pg/mg) | 5601 (3032, 9541) | 6633 (4334, 11249) | 2300 (1342, 8167) | 4804 (3433, 6815) | 2477 (1308, 3974) | <0.0001 |
| NGAL (ng/mg) | 141 (44.63, 832) | 90.07 (35.9, 381) | 188 (64, 772) | 369 (146, 1543) | 1103 (239, 2721) | <0.0001 |
| Cystatin C (pg/mg) | 2.03 (0.72, 6.93) | 1.57 (0.65, 5.31) | 1.74 (0.71, 4.31) | 3.02 (1.09, 7.79) | 7.34 (1.81, 15.61) | <0.0001 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mg) | 871 (397, 2133) | 708 (349, 1759) | 1748 (928, 2647) | 962 (443, 2287) | 1761 (770, 5246) | <0.0001 |
| LFABP (ng/mg) | 54.83 (13.39, 173) | 38.46 (9.92, 136.23) | 39.46 (22.34, 165.51) | 77.13 (28.13, 169.20) | 128 (41.78, 356.52) | 0.001 |
| UMOD (ng/mg) | 4973 (2426, 13184) | 5586 (2782, 13692) | 2971 (1709, 7099) | 6035 (2719, 18258) | 3683 (1427, 6673) | 0.002 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 57.59 (25.85, 139) | 54.60 (22.44, 132) | 66.94 (30.98, 108) | 51.98 (35.79, 93.60) | 95.23 (38.85, 267) | 0.003 |
| IL-8 (pg/mg) | 29.81 (9.39, 100) | 24.51 (7.46, 74.69) | 39.59 (21.59, 93.49) | 23.33 (6.50, 184) | 70.39 (25.30, 189) | 0.005 |
| YKL-40 (pg/mg) | 2941 (651, 21452) | 2433 (682, 14555) | 3249 (370, 69635) | 2188 (156, 17820) | 16037 (1650, 204203) | 0.006 |
| IL-6 (pg/mg) | 3.29 (1.15, 14.25) | 2.80 (1.07, 11.96) | 4.49 (2.05, 10.38) | 3.73 (1.05, 12.71) | 11.13 (1.79, 39.16) | 0.006 |
| IL-18 (pg/mg) | 109 (49.97, 305) | 106 (48.96, 231) | 245 (61.19, 594) | 89.54 (52.56, 220) | 219 (47.04, 771) | 0.12 |
| KIM-1 (pg/mg) | 3476 (1804, 6448) | 3466 (1826, 6489) | 5327 (3479, 8527) | 2795 (1093, 6366) | 3528 (1599, 5848) | 0.18 |
| TNF-a (pg/mg) | 0.56 (0.24, 2.19) | 0.52 (0.23, 2.12) | 0.45 (0.21, 0.78) | 0.72 (0.23, 2.71) | 0.63 (0.33, 3.89) | 0.19 |
| IL-4 (pg/mg) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.20) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.20) | 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.25) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.24) | 0.34 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 43.78 (18.86, 83.41) | 44.40 (18.51, 86.22) | 53.17 (40.88, 112) | 42.59 (13.20, 89.38) | 39.02 (20.06, 71.36) | 0.51 |
| IFN (pg/mg) | 2.17 (1.20, 5.86) | 2.11 (1.18, 5.65) | 2.10 (0.77, 3.29) | 2.37 (1.05, 7.64) | 2.47 (1.50, 6.09) | 0.56 |
| OPN (ng/mg) | 2888 (1472, 6719) | 2828 (1476, 6530) | 2886 (1620, 6032) | 2062 (1099, 8986) | 3436 (1526, 8405) | 0.73 |
| IL-10 (pg/mg) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.34) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.35) | 0.13 (0.06, 0.20) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.60) | 0.17 (0.08, 0.28) | 0.78 |
Values are represented as medians (interquartile ranges). Inference testing was done using Kruskal Wallis test.
Abbreviations: ACR: Albumin creatinine ratio; IFN, interferon alpha; IL, interleukin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; LFABP, liver fatty acid binding protein; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; YKL-40, chitinase 3-like 1; EGF, epidermal growth factor; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; OPN, osteopontin; UACR: Urine albumin creatinine ratio; UMOD, Uromodulin.