Table 5.

Application of AM technology in periodontics.

Author	Application	Cases	Scanning	Software	Material	Process	Main results
Kim et al. [123]	Guided tissue regeneration (In vivo)	Not applicable	Laser scanning	Not mentioned	PCL, HA	3D printing	After 9 weeks, a putative periodontal ligament and native alveolar bone were regenerated at the interface incisor scaffold
Park et al. [195]	Scaffold for alveolar bone regeneration (in vivo)	Not applicable	CT	Not mentioned	PCL	3D bioprinting system (laboratory-made system in Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Korea)	New bone was formed adjacent to the scaffold PCL blocks with 400/1200 lattices were inclined to more new bone formation
Rasperini et al. [196]	Scaffold for periodontal repair	1	CT	NX 7.5 (Siemens PLM Software, USA) Mimics (Materialise, USA)	PCL	SLS (Formiga P100 System; EOS, Germany)	After 12-month follow-up, the patient gained a 3 mm clinical attachment and partial root coverage After 13-month follow-up, the scaffold was exposed
Lei et al. [197]	Guided tissue regeneration	1	CBCT	Mimics (Materialise, Belgium)	Biocompatible material (MED 610)	PolyJet (Objet Connex 350, Stratasys, USA)	After 3 months, the probing pocket depth was greatly reduced After 6 months, bone was regenerated by the assessment of radiography
Pilipchuk et al. [198]	Scaffold for dentin, ligament, and bone regeneration (in vitro & in vivo)	Not applicable	Not mentioned	NX 7.5 (Siemens PLM Software, USA)	PCL, HA	SLS	Groove microdepth was a more important parameter than width for promoting formation of cell alignment and increasing oriented collagen fiber density

Notes: CT: computed tomography; CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography; PCL: polycaprolactone; HA: hydroxyapatite; SLS: selective laser sintering.