Table 1. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data of the study population ( n = 129) .
| Variables | ACVD ( n = 43) | Non-ACVD ( n = 86) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | |||
| Age (years) | 74.4±5.0 | 75.0±4.8 | 0.527 |
| Sex (male, %) | 72.1 | 69.8 | 0.840 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 23.6±2.5 | 22.7±2.8 | 0.075 |
| Never smoker (%) | 25.6 | 53.5 | 0.004 |
| Ex-smoker (%) | 60.5 | 41.9 | |
| Current smoker (%) | 14.0 | 4.7 | |
| Dyslipidemia (%) † | 51.2 | 29.1 | 0.020 |
| Hypertension (%) ‡ | 58.1 | 45.4 | 0.194 |
| Diabetes (%) § | 34.9 | 15.1 | 0.013 |
| Oral conditions | |||
| Number of teeth | 19.3±6.5 | 23.6±5.7 | ＜0.001 |
| Denture wearing (%) | 69.8 | 31.4 | ＜0.001 |
| Severe periodontitis (%) | 30.2 | 30.2 | 0.638 |
| PISA (cm 2 ) | 296.5±474.7 | 163.2±184.8 | 0.039 |
| Medications | |||
| Anti-diabetes drug (%) | 27.9 | 8.1 | 0.007 |
| Statin (%) | 65.1 | 11.6 | ＜0.001 |
| ACE-I/ARB (%) | 53.5 | 15.1 | ＜0.001 |
| Beta-blocker (%) | 34.9 | 1.2 | ＜0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker (%) | 58.1 | 17.4 | ＜0.001 |
| PPI/H2 blocker (%) | 48.8 | 4.7 | ＜0.001 |
| Anti-coagulant (%) | 9.3 | 2.3 | 0.095 |
| Anti-platelet (%) | 65.1 | 4.7 | ＜0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.3±15.7 | 66.6±16.9 | ＜0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 107.5±36.9 | 117.1±27.1 | 0.150 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 153.3±75.8 | 90.8±62.2 | ＜0.001 |
| HbA1c (NGSP, %) | 6.1±0.8 | 5.8±0.6 | 0.024 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.55±1.46 | 0.05±0.08 | ＜0.001 |
Results are expressed as the mean±SD or percentage. p values are the results of comparisons against the non-ACVD group using Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t -test, or Fisher’s exact test.
† Dyslipidemia is defined as LDL-C ＞ 140 mg/dl, triglycerides ＞ 150 mg/dl or use of anti-dyslipidemic drugs.
‡ Hypertension is defined as blood pressure ＞ 140/90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive drugs.
§ Diabetes is defined as HbA1c ＞ 6.5 % (NGSP) or use of oral anti-diabetic drugs or insulin therapy.
PISA, periodontal inflamed surface area;