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. 2022 Mar 3;12:3560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07187-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunophenotyping analysis of peripheral blood cells from healthy controls and patients. Whole blood samples from healthy controls without any treatment (HC), from OA patients before treatment (P), and from the same patients after the second therapy treatment (P + Therapy) were analysed. The composition of (A) neutrophils, (B) eosinophils, (C) basophils, (H) dendritic cells, and (I) natural killer cells showed no modulation because of therapy treatment and also no significant differences between healthy controls and patients. CD4⁺ T-cells (E) and T_reg-cells (F) revealed a significant decrease in cells after second therapy treatment compared with healthy controls but not with OA patients before treatment. (G) B cells were significantly decreased in OA patients in general and (D) monocytes showed a significant increase after treatment in OA patients also compared to healthy controls. Results are given as mean ± SEM; T-test, *p < 0.5; **p < 0.01.