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. 2022 Mar 3;12:3560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07187-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytokine concentrations in serum before and after Goldic therapy. (A) IL-1β concentration decreases in healthy controls serum (HC) after incubation with gold-particles (HC + Therapy), but showed no effect in patients (P + Therapy). (B) IL-6 and TGF-β (D) did not change because of therapy treatment in either healthy controls or patients. (C) IL-9 is upregulated in patients (P) but could be downregulated to normal levels after treatment. (E) TNF-α is significantly upregulated in healthy controls, but significantly downregulated in patients after treatment. (F) VEGF is significantly upregulated in healthy controls after treatment, but showed no change in patients. Results are given as mean ± SEM; T-test, *p < 0.5; **p < 0.01.