Table 1.
Characteristics of study at the baseline.
| AChEI | With | Without | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n | % | n | % | |
| Total | 116,106 | 25.00 | 348,318 | 75.00 | |
| Gender | 0.999 | ||||
| Male | 59,052 | 50.86 | 177,156 | 50.86 | |
| Female | 57,054 | 49.14 | 171,162 | 49.14 | |
| Age (years) | 60.21 ± 18.25 | 60.31 ± 19.94 | 0.131 | ||
| Age groups (years) | 0.999 | ||||
| 50–64 | 58,712 | 50.57 | 176,136 | 50.57 | |
| ≥ 65 | 57,394 | 49.43 | 172,182 | 49.43 | |
| Monthly insurance premiums | 0.020 | ||||
| < 18,000 | 92,246 | 79.45 | 278,012 | 79.82 | |
| 18,000–34,999 | 13,459 | 11.59 | 39,454 | 11.33 | |
| ≥ 35,000 | 10,401 | 8.96 | 30,852 | 8.86 | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Without | 50,982 | 43.91 | 158,617 | 45.54 | |
| With | 65,124 | 56.09 | 189,701 | 54.46 | |
| Education levels (years) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 12 | 60,986 | 52.53 | 191,336 | 54.93 | |
| ≥ 12 | 55,120 | 47.47 | 156,982 | 45.07 | |
| Pneumonia | 8715 | 7.51 | 14,541 | 4.17 | < 0.001 |
| Bronchiectasis | 9011 | 7.76 | 19,701 | 5.66 | < 0.001 |
| Pneumoconiosis | 8875 | 7.64 | 16,701 | 4.79 | < 0.001 |
| PAP | 1597 | 1.38 | 1714 | 0.49 | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 10,875 | 9.37 | 22,472 | 6.45 | < 0.001 |
| Asthma | 5556 | 4.79 | 15,701 | 4.51 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 22,106 | 19.04 | 64,013 | 18.38 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 14,512 | 12.50 | 34,012 | 9.76 | < 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 17,541 | 15.11 | 33,451 | 9.60 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23,895 | 20.58 | 69,123 | 19.84 | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 15,872 | 13.67 | 44,012 | 12.64 | < 0.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 3340 | 2.88 | 6124 | 1.76 | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 6701 | 5.77 | 3978 | 1.14 | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 5512 | 4.75 | 2811 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5101 | 4.39 | 11,022 | 3.16 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking-related diseases | 4841 | 4.17 | 12,901 | 3.70 | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 29,785 | 25.65 | 66,971 | 19.23 | < 0.001 |
| CCI_R | 1.02 ± 1.85 | 0.84 ± 1.72 | < 0.001 | ||
| Location | < 0.001 | ||||
| Northern Taiwan | 44,123 | 38.00 | 131,010 | 37.61 | |
| Middle Taiwan | 28,452 | 24.51 | 91,225 | 26.19 | |
| Southern Taiwan | 32,013 | 27.57 | 98,720 | 28.34 | |
| Eastern Taiwan | 10,712 | 9.23 | 25,451 | 7.31 | |
| Outlying islands | 806 | 0.69 | 1912 | 0.55 | |
| Urbanization level | < 0.001 | ||||
| 1 (the highest) | 40,112 | 34.55 | 118,706 | 34.08 | |
| 2 | 45,124 | 38.86 | 139,126 | 39.94 | |
| 3 | 10,245 | 8.82 | 34,529 | 9.91 | |
| 4 (the lowest) | 20,625 | 17.76 | 55,957 | 16.06 | |
| Level of care | < 0.001 | ||||
| Medical center | 44,802 | 38.59 | 105,601 | 30.32 | |
| Regional hospital | 42,121 | 36.28 | 128,701 | 36.95 | |
| Local hospital | 29,183 | 25.13 | 114,016 | 32.73 | |
P: Chi-square/Fisher exact test on category variables and t test on continue variables.
AChEI acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, CCI_R Charlson Comorbidity Index, dementia removed, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NT$ New Taiwan Dollars, PAP pulmonary alveolar pneumonopathy.