Table 3.

Some of the fungal endophytes that have been reported to produce different enzymes with potential agricultural applications

Enzyme	Endophytic fungi	Applications	References
Chitinase	Aureobasidium pullulans, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neotyphodium sp., Plodia theobromae	Biopesticide, bio-fungicide	Li et al. (2004); Nagpure et al. (2014)
Arylsulfatase	B. bassiana, T. asperellum, M. anisopliae, P. chlamydosporia	Helps in the uptake of sulfur from the soil	Alves et al. (2021)
Cellulase	Pestalotiopsis microspore TKBRR, Coelomycetes sp., Acremonium sp., Aspergillus niger	Helps in soil fertility, manufacturing of compost, acts as a biocontrol agent	Phitsuwan et al. (2012); Goukanapalle and Kanderi (2020)
Pectinase	Aspergillus sp., C. gloeosporioides, Trichoderma sp.	Saccharification of agricultural substrates	Shubha and Srinivas (2017), Garg et al. (2016)
Xylanase	Botryosphaeria sp. AM01 and Saccharicola sp. EJC 04	Pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste to simple sugars, Production of biobutanol	Shankar et al. (2016), Bendourou et al. (2021)
Phosphatase	Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Piriformospora, Curvularia, Trichoderma	Convert organic phosphate esters to orthophosphate ions and helps in the plant nutrition	Mehta et al. (2019), Antonious et al. (2020), Sujatha et al. (2020)