Figure 3.

Oncological surgery activates tissue damage, creating an environment of physiological stress response, inflammation, pain, and hypoxia. These cause the release of hormonal mediators (catecholamines, prostaglandins, and growth factors), activating receptors with direct pro-tumor effects and contributing to immune suppression. RA and LA block pain, attenuating many of the adverse effects caused by the neuroendocrine response to surgical stress, proposing oncological benefits (RA, regional anesthesia; LA, local anesthesia).