TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of male never‐smokers by lung cancer, Kailuan cohort, 2006–2015
| Characteristics | Total cohort | Lung cancer | p a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| No. | 37,085 | 224 | 36,861 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 51.27 ± 12.76 | 58.60 ± 9.63 | 51.23 ± 12.77 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.31 ± 3.34 | 24.81 ± 3.13 | 25.31 ± 3.34 | 0.032 |
| WC (cm), mean (SD) | 88.25 ± 9.51 | 89.51 ± 10.03 | 88.24 ± 9.51 | 0.101 |
| TC (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 4.89 ± 1.15 | 4.97 ± 1.06 | 4.89 ± 1.15 | 0.156 |
| TG (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 1.71 ± 1.46 | 1.67 ± 1.41 | 1.71 ± 1.46 | 0.305 |
| LDL‐C (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 2.35 ± 0.98 | 2.31 ± 1.03 | 2.35 ± 0.97 | 0.516 |
| Education level, No. (%) | 0.002 | |||
| Illiterate or primary school | 3306 (8.93) | 22 (9.87) | 3,284 (8.92) | |
| Junior high school | 27,547 (74.38) | 185 (82.96) | 27,362 (74.33) | |
| Senior high school | 3824 (10.33) | 12 (5.38) | 3812 (10.36) | |
| College and above | 2357 (6.36) | 4 (1.79) | 2353 (6.39) | |
| Income/month (CNY), No. (%) | 0.004 | |||
| <500 | 7251 (19.65) | 35 (15.91) | 7216 (19.68) | |
| 500–1000 | 24,648 (66.81) | 169 (76.82) | 24,479 (66.75) | |
| ≥1000 | 4994 (13.54) | 16 (7.27) | 4978 (13.57) | |
| Alcohol consumption status, No. (%) | 0.369 | |||
| Never‐drinker | 33,441 (90.17) | 198 (88.39) | 33,243 (90.18) | |
| Ever drinker | 3644 (9.83) | 26 (11.61) | 3618 (9.82) | |
| Coal dust exposure status, No. (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Nonexposed | 14,674 (39.63) | 113 (50.67) | 14,561 (39.56) | |
| Exposed | 22,356 (60.37) | 110 (49.33) | 22,246 (60.44) | |
| Degree of coal dust exposure, No. (%) | 0.964 | |||
| Light | 11,744 (52.53) | 59 (53.64) | 11,685 (52.53) | |
| Moderate | 4476 (20.02) | 22 (20.00) | 4454 (20.02) | |
| Heavy | 6136 (27.45) | 29 (26.36) | 6107 (27.45) | |
| Physical activity, No. (%) | 0.183 | |||
| Never | 3284 (8.87) | 12 (5.38) | 3272 (8.89) | |
| <4 times/week | 29,146 (78.69) | 183 (82.06) | 28,963 (78.67) | |
| ≥4 times/week | 4607 (12.44) | 28 (12.56) | 4579 (12.44) | |
| Dietary fat intake, No. (%) | 0.340 | |||
| Never | 2773 (7.50) | 12 (5.38) | 2761 (7.51) | |
| <3 times/week | 32,122 (86.85) | 201 (90.13) | 31,921 (86.83) | |
| ≥3 times/week | 2090 (5.65) | 10 (4.48) | 2080 (5.66) | |
| Annual BMI change (kg/m2/year), No. (%) b | 0.008 | |||
| Major loss | 2481 (6.69) | 26 (11.61) | 2455 (6.66) | |
| Minor loss | 13,007 (35.07) | 76 (33.93) | 12,931 (35.08) | |
| Stable | 6142 (16.56) | 25 (11.16) | 6117 (16.59) | |
| Minor gain | 13,253 (35.74) | 79 (35.27) | 13,174 (35.74) | |
| Major gain | 2202 (5.94) | 18 (8.04) | 2184 (5.92) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CNY, Chinese yuan; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.
a
p values from ANOVA (continuous variables) or chi‐square test (categorical variables).
b
Major loss (<−1.0 kg/m2/year), minor loss (≥−1.0 kg/m2/year and <−0.1 kg/m2/year), sable (≥−0.1 kg/m2/year and <0.1 kg/m2/year), minor gain (≥0.1 kg/m2/year and <1.0 kg/m2/year), major gain (≥1.0 kg/m2/year).