Table 1.
Cases of acute arthritis following corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
| Reference | Age (y)/sex | COVID-19 infection severity* | Duration till arthritis (days) | Involved joints | Inflammatory Biomarkers | Immune profile (RF, ACPA, ANA) | HLA genotyping | Arthritis management |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derksen et al. [13] | 67/male | Moderate to severe | Already present | small/large | ESR: 36 mm/1st hr CRP: 6 mg/L |
N.S | N.S | N.S |
| 49/male | 42 | small/large | ESR: 79 mm/1st hr CRP: 449 mg/L |
N.S | N.S | N.S | ||
| 67/female | 98 | small | ESR: 49 mm/1st hr CRP: 168 mg/L | N.S | N.S | N.S | ||
| 65/male | 3 | small/large | ESR: 26 mm/1st hr CRP: 6 mg/L |
N.S | N.S | N.S | ||
| Perrot et al. [14] | 60/female | Mild | 25 | MCP/IP | CRP: 18.5 mg/L IL-6: 31 pg/mL |
Positive ACPA, ANA, anti-SSA/SSB, anti-DNA. Negative RF |
No classic HLA genotype† |
Methotrexate (10 mg/w) |
| Baimukhamedov et al. [15] | 67/male | Severe | 37 | Knees/hands | ESR: 59 mm/1st hr CRP: 55 mg/L |
RF: 411 IU/ml ACPA§: 104 IU/ml |
N.S | Methotrexate (15 mg/w) Methylprednisolone (8 mg/d) |
| Roongta et al. [16] | 56/female | Severe | 14 | Knees/wrists | Elevated CRP and ESR | RF§: 131 IU/mL ACPA§: 35 IU/ml |
N.S | Methotrexate (15 mg/w) |
| This case | 72/female | Asympt-omatic | 15 | MCP/PIP/wrists/knees | ESR: 95 mm/1st hr CRP: 108 mg/L Increased α-2 and γ-globulins IL-6: 16.5 pg/mL |
RF: 128 ACPA:200 ANA: 1:320 |
DRB1*04:11, DQB1*03:01, DQB1* 03:02. | Methotrexate (10 mg/w) Steroids |
RF: rheumatoid factor, ACPA: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, ANA: antinuclear antibodies, NS: not specified, MCP: metacarpophalangeal, IP: interphalangeal, PIP: proximal IP, HLA: Human Leukocyte Antigen, CRP: C-reactive protein, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. * Symptoms of COVID-19 infection were collected and severity was classified as 4 levels: mild, moderate, severe, and critical.
†:HLA-A*01:01, HLA-A*02:01; HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*1402; HLA-C*07:01, HLA-C*08:02; HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DRB1*--; HLA-DQB1*06:02, HLA-DQB1*--. §: initially negative. ¶: From the five cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reported by Derksen et al, we included the four cases of new-onset RA. One patient was excluded because he had a history of RA prior to COVID-19 infection.