TABLE 1.

Representative list of applications of multiplex PCR to the diagnosis of infectious diseases

Infectious agent	Pathogens targeted	Clinical manifestation(s) and/or specimen	Reference(s)
Virus	HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1, and HTLV-2	Blood	45
	HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, HHV-6, EBV, and EVsa	Meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis; CSF	13, 14
Bacterium	Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis	Upper respiratory tract	42
	Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli	Human campylobacteriosis	37
	Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis	Periodontal infection	34
	N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis	Genital infections	60, 118
	C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and M. genitalium	Genital infections	59
Parasite	Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum	Diarrheal disease; water	52, 89
	Leishmania spp.	Leishmaniasis	5, 39
Combination	HSV, H. ducreyi, and T. pallidum	Genital ulcer disease	7, 73
	HPVs, HSV, and C. trachomatis	Genital swabs	64
	Adenovirus, HSV, and C. trachomatis	Keratoconjunctivitis	Yeo et al.b
	EV, influenza viruses A and B, RSV, PIV types 1 and 3, adenovirus, M. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae	Acute respiratory tract infections	36

^aEVs, enteroviruses. 

^bAbstr. 97th Gen. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol., 1997.