Figure 1.
Effect of hANP on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. a) 3D shadow representations of P. aeruginosa PA14 biofilm structures, unexposed (control condition) or exposed to hANP (500 × 10−9, 100 × 10−9, or 10 × 10−9 m), grown in dynamic conditions at 37 °C for 24 h. Bacterial cells within biofilms were stained with SYTO9 and observed by CLSM. b) COMSTAT image analyses of biofilms structures of P. aeruginosa PA14 exposed during biofilm formation to hANP (500 × 10−9, 100 × 10−9, or 10 × 10−9 m) in dynamic conditions for 24 h at 37 °C, compared to unexposed condition. Data are the result of the analysis of 18 (control condition), nine (hANP 500 × 10−9 m), 15 (hANP 100 × 10−9 m), and nine (hANP 10 × 10−9 m) views from at least three independent biological experiments (n = 3). Statistics were achieved by one‐way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple‐comparison test. Values that are significantly different are indicated by asterisks as follows: ****, p < 0.0001.