TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the MESA INVITe1
| Placebo (n = 167) | Vitamin D3 (n = 499) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72 (8) | 72 (8) |
| Female, n (%) | 81 (49) | 272 (55) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White | 58 (35) | 169 (34) |
| Black | 61 (37) | 184 (37) |
| Chinese | 19 (11) | 64 (13) |
| Hispanic | 29 (17) | 82 (16) |
| Study site, n (%) | ||
| Forsyth County, NC | 19 (11) | 57 (11) |
| Baltimore and Baltimore County, MD | 32 (19) | 96 (19) |
| Northern Manhattan and the Bronx, NY | 46 (28) | 140 (28) |
| Chicago, IL | 45 (27) | 130 (26) |
| Los Angeles County, CA | 25 (15) | 76 (15) |
| Gross annual family income ($), n (%) | ||
| <25,000 | 39 (23) | 110 (22) |
| 25,000–49,999 | 39 (23) | 132 (27) |
| 50,000–74,999 | 47 (28) | 151 (30) |
| 75,000–100,000 | 28 (17) | 56 (11) |
| >100,000 | 14 (8) | 50 (10) |
| Season at MESA INVITe baseline exam, n (%) | ||
| January–March | 44 (26) | 126 (25) |
| April–June | 53 (32) | 167 (34) |
| July–September | 45 (27) | 129 (26) |
| October–December | 25 (15) | 77 (15) |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 91 (55) | 254 (51) |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 94 (56) | 306 (61) |
| Nonstudy vitamin D supplements,2n (%) | ||
| None | 112 (67) | 303 (61) |
| 1–400 IU/d | 13 (8) | 26 (5) |
| 401–1000 IU/d | 40 (24) | 167 (34) |
| Prevalent CVD, n (%) | 5 (3) | 29 (6) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 95 (57) | 332 (67) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 33 (20) | 105 (21) |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 127 (20) | 126 (19) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28.4 (5.3) | 29.1 (5.9) |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.87 (0.77, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.04) |
| eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80 (15) | 77 (18) |
| UACR, median (IQR), mg/g | 4 (3, 14) | 5 (3, 14) |
1
BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimate glomerular filtration rate; MESA INVITe, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Individualized Response to Vitamin D Treatment Trial; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.
2
Mean daily intake from all reported supplements.