TABLE 4.
Association of dietary and plasma PUFAs at 8 and 16 y with lung function at 24 y analyzed with linear regression models1
| FEV1, mL | FVC, mL | FEV1/FVC, % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary PUFAs (mg/1900 kcal) (n = 1428), ≥median vs. <median | |||
| n–3 PUFAs | |||
| ALA | |||
| 8 y (≥1145.0) | −25.6 (−70.3, 19.1) | −52.3 (−106.4, 1.74) | 0.34 (−0.28, 0.96) |
| 16 y (≥1330.7) | −31.2 (−75.9, 13.6) | −49.2 (−103.3, 4.90) | 0.10 (−0.53, 0.72) |
| ∑VLC n–3 | |||
| 8 y (≥234.5) | 5.09 (−40.1, 50.2) | 16.0 (−38.6, 70.7) | −0.25 (−0.88, 0.38) |
| 16 y (≥268.8) | 1.35 (−43.5, 46.2) | 18.3 (−36.0, 72.5) | −0.34 (−0.96, 0.29) |
| n–6 PUFAs | |||
| LA | |||
| 8 y (≥6249.1) | −0.03 (−44.9, 44.8) | −28.5 (−82.8, 25.7) | 0.52 (−0.11, 1.14) |
| 16 y (≥7850.3) | −6.52 (−51.6, 38.5) | −20.3 (−74.8, 34.2) | 0.08 (−0.55, 0.71) |
| AA | |||
| 8 y (≥70.7) | −8.90 (−53.8, 36.0) | −0.68 (−55.0, 53.7) | −0.16 (−0.79, 0.46) |
| 16 y (≥77.0) | 0.83 (−44.3, 45.9) | 8.66 (−45.9, 63.2) | −0.06 (−0.69, 0.57) |
| n–6:n–3 ratio | |||
| 8 y (≥4.6) | 2.56 (−42.5, 47.6) | 21.8 (−32.7, 76.2) | −0.20 (−0.83, 0.43) |
| 16 y (≥4.8) | 0.11 (−44.9, 45.1) | −5.23 (−59.6, 49.2) | 0.12 (−0.51, 0.75) |
| Plasma PUFAs (% of total) (n = 639), ≥median vs. <median | |||
| n–3 PUFAs | |||
| ALA | |||
| 8 y (≥0.24) | −56.6 (−121.5, 8.2) | −52.0 (−131.4, 27.5) | −0.27 (−1.19, 0.66) |
| 16 y (≥0.28) | 10.3 (−54.7, 75.2) | −9.7 (−89.1, 69.8) | 0.54 (−0.38, 1.47) |
| ∑VLC n–3 | |||
| 8 y (≥3.3) | −0.87 (−65.7, 64.0) | 86.0 (6.9, 165.1) | −1.35 (−2.27, −0.43) |
| 16 y (≥5.4) | −49.0 (−114.1, 16.0) | −11.7 (−91.5, 68.0) | −0.89 (−1.82, −0.04) |
| n–6 PUFAs | |||
| LA | |||
| 8 y (≥21.2) | −50.5 (−115.3, 14.2) | −31.7 (−111.1, 47.7) | −0.35 (−1.27, 0.57) |
| 16 y (≥21.9) | 29.8 (−34.4, 94.1) | 0.62 (−78.1, 79.4) | 0.65 (−0.26, 1.57) |
| AA | |||
| 8 y (≥5.6) | 24.8 (−40.8, 90.4) | 55.7 (−24.6, 135.9) | −0.37 (−1.31, 0.56) |
| 16 y (≥8.9) | −3.15 (−69.6, 63.3) | −4.3 (−85.6, 77.0) | −0.17 (−1.12, 0.77) |
1
Values are β (95% CI). β-coefficients are estimated using linear regression models adjusted for height, age, sex, allergic heredity, parental occupation at baseline, and maternal smoking in pregnancy and/or infancy. AA, arachidonic acid (20:4n–6); ALA, α-linolenic acid (18:3n–3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n–3); FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; LA, linoleic acid (18:2n–6); n–6:n–3 ratio, sum of LA and AA divided by the sum of ALA, EPA (20:5n–3), DPA, and DHA (22:6n–3); ∑VLC n–3, sum of very-long-chain n–3 PUFAs (EPA, DPA, and DHA).