Table 1. Distribution of Selected Characteristics for Patients With Glaucoma by Race and Ethnicity.
| Characteristic | No. (%)a | P valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic African American | Non-Hispanic Asian | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic White | Total | ||
| Total | 481 (12.6) | 119 (3.1) | 351 (9.2) | 2875 (75.1) | 3826 (100) | NA |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 63 (56-70) | 59 (45-71.5) | 60 (50.5-69) | 70 (64-76) | 69 (60-75) | NA |
| Age category, y | ||||||
| <40 | <20 | 21 (17.6) | 41 (11.7) | 86 (3.0) | 164 (4.3) | <.001 |
| 40-64 | 245 (50.9) | 51 (42.9) | 175 (49.9) | 699 (24.3) | 1170 (30.6) | |
| 65-74 | 165 (34.3) | 27 (22.7) | 102 (29.1) | 1128 (39.2) | 1422 (37.2) | |
| 75-84 | 48 (10.0) | <20 | 29 (8.3) | 864 (30.1) | 960 (25.1) | |
| ≥85 | <20 | <20 | <20 | 98 (3.4) | 110 (2.9) | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 343 (71.3) | 73 (61.3) | 221 (63.0) | 1670 (58.1) | 2307 (60.3) | <.001 |
| Male | 136 (28.3) | 45 (37.8) | 126 (35.9) | 1169 (40.7) | 1476 (38.6) | |
| Other/skipped | <20 | <20 | <20 | 36 (1.3) | 43 (1.1) | |
| Income, $ | ||||||
| <25 000 | 199 (41.4) | <20 | 135 (38.5) | 312 (10.9) | 657 (17.2) | <.001 |
| 25 000-50 000 | 92 (19.1) | <20 | 60 (17.1) | 482 (16.8) | 645 (16.9) | |
| 50 000-100 000 | 123 (25.6) | 31 (26.1) | 85 (24.2) | 931 (32.4) | 1170 (30.6) | |
| 100 000-200 000 | 51 (10.6) | 48 (40.3) | 52 (14.8) | 800 (27.8) | 951 (24.9) | |
| >200 000 | <20 | <20 | <20 | 350 (12.2) | 403 (10.5) | |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Medicaid | 131 (27.2) | <20 | 99 (28.2) | 158 (5.5) | 396 (10.4) | <.001 |
| Other insured | 349 (72.6) | 111 (93.3) | 252 (71.8) | 2714 (94.4) | 3426 (89.5) | |
| None | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 | <20 | |
| Education | ||||||
| No high school diploma | 33 (6.9) | <20 | 43 (12.3) | <20 | 95 (2.5) | <.001 |
| High school diploma/GED | 83 (17.3) | <20 | 51 (14.5) | 228 (7.9) | 366 (9.6) | |
| Some college | 158 (32.8) | <20 | 105 (29.9) | 707 (24.6) | 976 (25.5) | |
| College and above | 207 (4.0) | 109 (91.6) | 152 (43.3) | 1921 (66.8) | 2389 (62.4) | |
| Could not afford medication | ||||||
| Yes | 91 (18.9) | <20 | 60 (17.1) | 195 (6.8) | 359 (9.4) | <.001 |
| No | 390 (81.1) | 106 (89.1) | 291 (82.9) | 2680 (93.2) | 3467 (90.6) | |
| Skipped medication to save money | ||||||
| Yes | 50 (10.4) | <20 | 22 (6.3) | 125 (4.3) | 203 (5.3) | <.001 |
| No | 431 (89.6) | 113 (95.0) | 329 (93.7) | 2750 (95.7) | 3623 (94.7) | |
| Took less medication to save money | ||||||
| Yes | 49 (10.2) | <20 | 23 (6.6) | 147 (5.1) | 227 (5.9) | <.001 |
| No | 432 (89.8) | 111 (93.3) | 328 (93.4) | 2728 (94.9) | 3599 (94.1) | |
| Delayed filling medication | ||||||
| Yes | 63 (13.1) | <20 | 37 (10.5) | 204 (7.1) | 317 (8.3) | <.001 |
| No | 418 (86.9) | 106 (89.1) | 314 (89.5) | 2671 (92.9) | 3509 (91.7) | |
| Asked for lower cost medication | ||||||
| Yes | 79 (16.4) | 21 (17.6) | 74 (21.1) | 556 (19.3) | 730 (19.1) | <.001 |
| No | 402 (83.6) | 98 (82.4) | 277 (78.9) | 2319 (80.7) | 3096 (80.9) | |
| Bought medication from another country | ||||||
| Yes | <20 | <20 | <20 | 113 (3.9) | 140 (3.7) | <.001 |
| No | 479 (99.6) | 110 (92.4) | 335 (95.4) | 2762 (96.1) | 3686 (96.3) | |
| Used alternative therapies to save money | ||||||
| Yes | 34 (7.1) | <20 | 27 (7.7) | 131 (4.6) | 198 (5.2) | .02 |
| No | 447 (92.9) | 113 (95.0) | 324 (92.3) | 2744 (95.4) | 3628 (94.8) | |
Abbreviations: GED, general educational development; NA, not applicable.
a
Per the All of Us Research Program data sharing policies, cells with less than 20 respondents are suppressed.
b
P values were generated from Pearson χ2 tests using the Holm-Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.