Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of index coronavirus disease-2012 hospital stay and post-hospital discharge in relationship to red cell distribution width (RDW)‡
| Overall (N = 3941) | RDW≤14% (N = 1943) | RDW>14% (N = 1998) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Length of hospitalization (days)
|
10 (6-16) |
10 (6-16) |
10 (6-16) |
0.329 |
|
Intensive care unit
|
901 (22.9) |
448 (23.1) |
453 (22.7) |
0.774† |
|
High-flow oxygen therapy
|
768 (19.5) |
401 (20.6) |
367 (18.4) |
0.072† |
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
669 (17) |
314 (16.2) |
335 (17.8) |
0.179† |
|
Immobilization ≥7 days
|
1753 (44.5) |
760 (39.1) |
993 (49.7) |
<0.001* |
|
Venous thromboembolism
|
212 (5.4) |
102 (5.2) |
110 (5.5) |
0.713† |
|
Pulmonary embolism
|
143 (3.6) |
77 (4) |
66 (3.3) |
0.268 |
|
Deep venous thrombosis
|
85 (2.2) |
35 (1.8) |
50 (2.5) |
0.129† |
|
Arterial thrombosis
|
228 (5.8) |
109 (5.6) |
119 (6) |
0.648 |
|
Acute myocardial infarction
|
67 (1.7) |
30 (1.5) |
37 (1.9) |
0.455 |
|
Acute cerebrovascular insult
|
108 (2.7) |
59 (3) |
49 (2.5) |
0.262 |
|
Bleeding
|
318 (8.1) |
126 (6.5) |
192 (9.6) |
<0.001* |
|
Major bleeding
|
126 (3.2) |
42 (2.2) |
84 (4.2) |
<0.001* |
|
Gastrointestinal bleeding
|
132 (3.3) |
41 (2.1) |
91 (4.6) |
<0.001* |
|
Bacterial sepsis
|
390 (9.9) |
186 (9.6) |
204 (10.2) |
0.503† |
|
30-day survival rate, %
|
65.6 |
75.7 |
55.8 |
<0.001* |
|
Hospital readmission
§
|
76 (3) |
33 (2.3) |
43 (3.9) |
0.016* |
| 6-month post-discharge survival rate§, % | 91.6 | 95.5 | 86.1 | <0.001* |
*Statistically significant at level P < 0.05.
†significant difference at level P < 0.05 on optimized RDW cut-off level (intensive care unit RDW>13.1%, high flow oxygen therapy RDW>13.1%, mechanical ventilation RDW>13.1%, venous thromboembolism RDW>14.9%, deep venous thrombosis RDW>14.8%, bacterial sepsis RDW>12.9%).
‡Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise specified. For comparison of numerical and categorical variables between lower and higher RDW groups the Mann-Whitney U and the Χ2 or the Fisher test were used, respectively. Survival was compared by using the log-rank test.
§evaluated only in index hospitalization survivors (N = 2545).