Table 1.
Characteristics of controls and patients who received antibiotic treatment before admission to emergency department due to coronavirus disease 2019‡
|
|
Patients |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
unmatched |
matched |
||||||
| Variable | treatment (n = 128) |
control (n = 397) | d† | treatment (n = 126) | control (n = 126) | d† | ||
| Age*, years |
59.6 (15.4) |
64.7 (16.3) |
-0.32 |
59.9 (15.3) |
60.4 (15.3) |
-0.03 |
||
| Sex* (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
||
| female |
50 (39.1) |
156 (39.3) |
|
48 (38.1) |
48 (38.1) |
|
||
| male |
78 (60.9) |
241 (60.7) |
|
78 (61.9) |
78 (61.9) |
|
||
| Day of illness on presentation |
9.4 (3.6) |
8.1 (4.3) |
0.34 |
9.4 (3.7) |
8.8 (4.2) |
0.15 |
||
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
-0.40 |
|
|
-0.02 |
||
| 0 |
59 (46.1) |
111 (28.0) |
|
59 (46.8) |
55 (43.7) |
|
||
| 1 |
29 (22.7) |
105 (26.4) |
|
27 (21.4) |
35 (27.8) |
|
||
| 2 |
26 (20.3) |
92 (23.2) |
|
26 (20.6) |
20 (15.9) |
|
||
| ≥3 |
14 (10.9) |
89 (22.4) |
|
14 (11.1) |
16 (12.7) |
|
||
|
Comorbidities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Arterial hypertension, n (%)* |
54 (42.2) |
236 (59.4) |
-0.35 |
53 (42.1) |
54 (42.9) |
0.02 |
||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%)* |
24 (18.7) |
102 (25.7) |
-0.18 |
26 (20.6) |
24 (19.0) |
-0.04 |
||
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%)* |
3 (2.3) |
29 (7.3) |
-0.33 |
3 (2.4) |
3 (2.4) |
0.00 |
||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, n (%)* |
12 (9.4) |
32 (8.1) |
0.05 |
9 (7.9) |
10 (7.9) |
0.03 |
||
| Hypothyroidism, n (%)* |
9 (7.0) |
32 (8.1) |
-0.04 |
10 (7.9) |
9 (7.1) |
-0.031 |
||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%)* |
4 (3.1) |
50 (12.8) |
-0.54 |
4 (3.2) |
4 (3.2) |
0.00 |
||
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)* |
3 (2.3) |
23 (5.8) |
-0.23 |
4 (4.8) |
3 (2.4) |
-0.05 |
||
| Active cancer, n (%) |
2 (1.6) |
12 (3.0) |
-0.12 |
2 (1.6) |
2 (1.6) |
0.00 |
||
| Cancer in remission, n (%)* |
7 (5.4) |
26 (6.5) |
-0.13 |
6 (4.8) |
7 (5.6) |
0.04 |
||
| Atrial fibrillation (%)* |
4 (3.1) |
40 (10.1) |
-0.40 |
5(4) |
4 (3.2) |
-0.04 |
||
|
Medications
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) |
36 (28.1) |
138 (35.0) |
-0.14 |
36 (28.6) |
37 (29.3) |
-0.13 |
||
| Warfarin, n (%) |
2 (1.6) |
32 (8.1) |
-0.31 |
2 (1.6) |
6 (5) |
-0.18 |
||
| Direct oral anticoagulants, n (%) |
1 (0.8) |
15 (3.1) |
-0.20 |
1 (0.8) |
2 (1.6) |
-0.07 |
||
| Statins, n (%) |
16 (12.5) |
85 (21.4) |
-0.24 |
16 (12.7) |
18 (14.2) |
-0.05 |
||
| Anti-platelet/anti-aggregation therapy, n (%) |
13 (10.2) | 66 (26.6) |
-0.19 | 13 (10.3) | 17 (13.5) | -0.10 | ||
*variables used as covariates in propensity score matching.
†standardized mean difference.
‡values are means and standard deviations unless indicated otherwise.