Table 2.

Hazard Ratios for All-Cause and Cancer-Specific Mortality According to Tobacco-Use Behavior Pattern in the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2010

Tobacco-Use Behavior	All-Cause Mortality					Cancer Mortality
	No. of Deaths	HR1a	95% CI	HR2b	95% CI	No. of Deaths	HR1a	95% CI	HR2b	95% CI
Never tobacco use	12,713	1.00	Referent	0.44	0.42, 0.46	2,537	1.00	Referent	0.36	0.33, 0.40
Exclusive current cigarette use	6,776	2.26	2.16, 2.37	1.00	Referent	2,008	2.75	2.53, 3.00	1.00	Referent
Current dual use of cigarettes and cigars or pipe	302	2.36	1.99, 2.80	1.04	0.88, 1.23	83	2.71	1.97, 3.73	0.99	0.72, 1.36
Current dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco	78	2.28	1.79, 2.90	1.01	0.79, 1.29	25	2.91	1.72, 4.92	1.06	0.63, 1.78
Current poly-use of cigarettes and both cigars/pipe and smokeless tobacco	51	2.49	1.76, 3.53	1.10	0.78, 1.56	10	1.69	0.85, 3.36	0.61	0.31, 1.21

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^a Estimated with never tobacco users as the referent group and age at interview as the time metric; adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education, and survey year. Results were derived from a model that included nondaily cigarette smokers, daily cigarette smokers, and never smokers.

^b Estimated with exclusive cigarette users as the referent group and age at interview as the time metric; adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education, and survey year.