Table 3.

Subgroup Analyses of the Association of Dietary Diabetes Risk-Reduction Score With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality, a Post Hoc Analysis of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, United States, 1993–2015

Subgroup Variable	All-Cause Mortality			Cardiovascular Mortality			Cancer Mortality
	HR a	95% CI	P for Interaction	HR a	95% CI	P for Interaction	HR a	95% CI	P for Interaction
Age, years			0.345			0.781			0.825
≥65	0.77	0.72, 0.81		0.71	0.64, 0.80		0.86	0.77, 0.96
<65	0.75	0.68, 0.83		0.81	0.65, 1.00		0.85	0.73, 0.99
Sex			0.280			0.024			0.032
Male	0.77	0.72, 0.83		0.81	0.71, 0.92		0.78	0.69, 0.89
Female	0.74	0.68, 0.80		0.61	0.52, 0.72		0.94	0.81, 1.08
Trial group			0.592			0.199			0.469
Intervention	0.76	0.71, 0.82		0.78	0.68, 0.90		0.84	0.74, 0.95
Control	0.76	0.71, 0.82		0.68	0.59, 0.79		0.87	0.77, 0.99
History of hypertension			0.997			0.595			0.504
Yes	0.76	0.69, 0.82		0.73	0.62, 0.85		0.82	0.70, 0.97
No	0.77	0.72, 0.82		0.74	0.65, 0.84		0.87	0.78, 0.97
Body mass indexb			0.104			0.114			0.299
≥25	0.79	0.74, 0.84		0.78	0.69, 0.88		0.88	0.79, 0.99
<25	0.72	0.66, 0.78		0.66	0.55, 0.78		0.81	0.70, 0.95
Smoking status			0.149			0.663			0.002
Current or past	0.70	0.66, 0.75		0.72	0.63, 0.81		0.73	0.65, 0.82
Never	0.77	0.71, 0.84		0.69	0.59, 0.80		1.00	0.86, 1.17
Alcohol intake, g/dayc			0.023			0.895			0.023
Heavy	0.67	0.59, 0.77		0.83	0.63, 1.10		0.65	0.51, 0.82
None, light, or moderate	0.79	0.75, 0.84		0.74	0.66, 0.82		0.90	0.81, 0.99

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^a HRs are for the comparison of quintile 5 to quintile 1 and are adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, others), trial arm (intervention, control), educational level (some college or below, college graduate, postgraduate), marital status (married or living as married, widowed, divorced, separated, never married), history of hypertension (yes, no), family history of cancer (yes, no; only for all-cause and cancer mortality), aspirin use (yes, no), single or multivitamin supplement use (yes, no), smoking status (current, past, never), alcohol consumption (g/day), body mass index, physical activity (min/week), energy intake from diet (kcal/day), and consumption of fruits (g/day), vegetables (g/day), tea (g/day), fish (g/day), and dairy (servings/day). In subgroup analyses stratified by sex, trial arm, history of hypertension, and smoking status, HRs were not adjusted for the stratification factor.

^b Weight (kg)/height (m)².

^c Light, moderate, and heavy alcohol consumption are defined as ≤6 g/day, >6 and <28 g/day for men and >6 and <14 g/day for women, and >28 g/day for men and >14 g/day for women, respectively.