Table 2.

Antibiotics used to deplete bacteria in E. diaphana and A. salina

Antibiotic	Concentration (µg ml–1)	Target/mechanism of action	Gram +/− activity	References to prior use
Carbenicillin	25	dd-Transpeptidase/inhibits cell wall synthesis	−	[33, 97–100]*
Chloramphenicol	25	23S rRNA/inhibits protein synthesis	+/−	[33, 97, 100, 101]
Nalidixic acid	15	Gyrase/inhibits DNA replication	−	[33, 102, 103]
Neomycin	10	30S rRNA assembly/inhibits protein synthesis	+/−	[100, 104, 105]
Polymyxin B	10	Cell wall/increases cell wall permeability	−	[100, 104, 105]
Rifampicin	10	RNA polymerase/inhibits transcription	+	[33, 101, 105]
Streptomycin	25	16S rRNA/inhibits protein synthesis	+	[26, 27, 97, 99, 101, 104–106]

*References to the use of Penicillin family antibiotics with the same mechanism of action.