Table 5.
Participants’ characteristics of the GKASC grouped by HTN stage
| Variables | Overall | Normal | Pre-HTN | ≥ Stage 1 HTN | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1881 | n = 485 (25.78%) | n = 938 (49.87%) | n = 458 (24.35%) | ||
| Age (years) | 65.00 (62.00–70.00) | 65.00 (62.00–69.00) | 65.00 (62.00–69.00) | 66.00 (63.00–72.00) | < 0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 823 (43.75) | 200 (41.24) | 423 (45.10) | 200 (43.67) | 0.380 |
| WC (cm) | 81.00 (75.00–88.00) | 80.00 (74.00–87.00) | 80.00 (75.00–87.00) | 82.00 (76.00–89.00) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.23 (20.45–24.46) | 22.06 (20.17–24.12) | 22.23 (20.36–24.46) | 22.54 (20.85–24.77) | 0.006 |
| Leukocyte (× 109/L) | 5.90 (5.10–7.00) | 5.80 (4.80–6.92) | 5.90 (5.10–7.10) | 6.00 (5.30–7.00) | 0.095 |
| Platelet (× 109/L) | 217.00 (190.00–252.00) | 217.00 (188.00–251.50) | 217.00 (189.00–250.00) | 220.00 (193.00–254.00) | 0.409 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 135.00 (126.00–144.00) | 134.00 (126.00–143.00) | 135.00 (127.00–144.00) | 135.00 (126.00–145.00) | 0.324 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.99 (4.50–5.60) | 5.00 (4.40–5.55) | 4.93 (4.50–5.60) | 4.98 (4.50–5.60) | 0.617 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20.95 (16.33–27.50) | 20.40 (15.70–25.45) | 20.70 (16.50–27.50) | 22.80 (17.10–30.20) | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.00 (18.00–24.20) | 20.00 (18.00–23.90) | 21.00 (18.00–24.00) | 21.00 (18.00–26.00) | 0.006 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 44.60 (42.90–46.00) | 44.20 (42.75–45.50) | 44.60 (42.80–46.10) | 44.75 (43.20–46.30) | 0.017 |
| STB (μmol/L) | 11.90 (9.25–15.20) | 12.00 (9.10–15.10) | 11.90 (9.28 -15.23) | 11.85 (9.40–15.40) | 0.723 |
| CB (μmol/L) | 3.20 (2.20–4.40) | 3.00 (2.10–4.10) | 3.10 (2.10–4.50) | 3.30 (2.38–4.60) | 0.053 |
| UCB (μmol/L) | 8.30 (5.90–11.45) | 8.60 (5.95–11.60) | 8.30 (5.70–11.50) | 8.10 (6.10–11.13) | 0.782 |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 62.80 (51.70–75.80) | 62.70 (50.70–76.35) | 63.10 (51.98–75.50) | 62.60 (52.25–76.13) | 0.853 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.03 (4.40–5.71) | 5.06 (4.42–5.69) | 5.05 (4.42–5.79) | 5.00 (4.32–5.64) | 0.107 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.77–1.48) | 1.00 (0.74–1.38) | 1.05 (0.77–1.52) | 1.07 (0.81–1.55) | 0.050 |
| T2DM (n, %) | 176 (9.36) | 39 (8.04) | 93 (9.91) | 44 (9.61) | |
| Hyperuricemia (n, %) | 468 (24.88) | 124 (25.57) | 216 (23.05) | 128 (27.95) | |
| Marriage Status (n, %) | 0.486 | ||||
| Married | 1649 (87.67) | 432 (89.07) | 818 (87.21) | 399 (87.12) | |
| Widowed | 220 (11.70) | 50 (10.31) | 116 (12.37) | 54 (11.79) | |
| Unspecified | 12 (0.64) | 3 (0.62) | 4 (0.43) | 5 (0.11) | |
| Smoking Habits | 0.958 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1395 (74.16) | 365 (75.26) | 689 (73.45) | 341 (74.45) | |
| Former Smoker | 59 (3.14) | 14 (0.29) | 30 (3.20) | 15 (3.28) | |
| Current Smoker | 427 (22.70) | 106 (21.86) | 219 (23.35) | 102 (22.27) | |
| Drinking Habits | 0.375 | ||||
| Non-drinker | 831 (87.81) | 425 (87.81) | 800 (85.29) | 390 (85.15) | |
| Current Drinker | 121 (12.70) | 59 (12.19) | 138 (14.71) | 68 (14.85) | |
| Exercise frequency | 0.880 | ||||
| Low | 1109 (58.96) | 294 (60.62) | 552 (58.85) | 263 (57.42) | |
| Medium | 171 (9.09) | 41 (8.45) | 88 (9.38) | 42 (9.17) | |
| High | 601 (31.95) | 150 (30.93) | 298 (31.77) | 153 (33.41) | |
Normally distributed variables with even variance were presented as mean ± SD, skewed variables as median (interquartile range), and categorical variables as n (%)
Continuous variables were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test depending on distribution. Pearson’s χ2 tests were used to compare categorical values
HTN, hypertension; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasm blood; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; STB, serum total bilirubin; CB, conjugated bilirubin; UCB, unconjugated bilirubin; SCr, serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus